Tendon-inducing compositions

ABSTRACT

Compositions of proteins with tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing activity are disclosed. The compositions are useful in the treatment of tendinitis and tendon or ligament defects and in related tissue repair.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/808,324, filed Feb. 28, 1997, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,284,872, on Sep. 4, 2001; which is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/362,670, filed Dec. 22, 1994, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,882, on Aug. 19, 1997; which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/217,780, filed Mar. 25, 1994, now abandoned, U.S. application Ser. No. 08/164,103, filed Dec. 7, 1993, now abandoned, and U.S. application Ser. No. 08/333,576, filed Nov. 2, 1994, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,027,919, on Feb. 22, 2000.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a novel family of purified proteins, and compositions containing such proteins, which compositions are useful for the induction of tendon/ligament-like tissue formation, wound healing and ligament and other tissue repair. These proteins may also be used in compositions for augmenting the activity of bone morphogenetic proteins.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The search for the molecule or molecules responsible for formation of bone, cartilage, tendon and other tissues present in bone and other tissue extracts has led to the discovery of a novel set of molecules called the Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs). The structures of several proteins, designated BMP-1 through BMP-11, have previously been elucidated. The unique inductive activities of these proteins, along with their presence in bone, suggests that they are important regulators of bone repair processes, and may be involved in the normal maintenance of bone tissue. There is a need to identify additional proteins which play a role in forming other vital tissues. The present invention relates to the identification of a family of proteins, which have tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing activity, and which are useful in compositions for the induction of tendon/ligament-like tissue formation and repair.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, the present invention comprises DNA molecules encoding a tendon/ligament-like inducing protein which the inventors have named V1-1. This novel protein is now called BMP-12. The present invention also includes DNA molecules encoding BMP-12 related proteins.

BMP-12 related proteins are a subset of the BMP/TGF-β/Vg-1 family of proteins, including BMP-12 and VL-1, which are defined as tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing proteins encoded by DNA sequences which are cloned and identified, e.g., using PCR, using BMP-12 specific primers, such as primers #6 and #7 described below, with reduced stringency conditions. It is preferred that the DNA sequences encoding BMP-12 related proteins share at least about 80% homology at the amino acid level from amino acids with amino acids #3 to #103 of SEQ ID NO:1.

The DNA molecules preferably have a DNA sequence encoding the BMP-12 protein, the sequence of which is provided in SEQ ID NO:1, or a BMP-12 related protein as further described herein. Both the BMP-12 protein and BMP-12 related proteins are characterized by the ability to induce the formation of tendon/ligament-like tissue in the assay described in the examples.

The DNA molecules of the invention preferably comprise a DNA sequence, as described in SEQUENCE ID NO:1; more preferably nucleotides #496 to #882, #571 to #882 or #577 to #882 of SEQ ID NO:1; or DNA sequences which hybridize to the above under stringent hybridization conditions and encode a protein which exhibits the ability to form tendon/ligament-like tissue. The DNA molecules of the invention may also comprise a DNA sequence as described in SEQ ID NO:25; more preferably nucleotides #604 or #658 to #964 of SEQ ID NO:25.

The DNA molecules of the invention also include DNA molecules comprising a DNA sequence encoding a BMP-12 related protein with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:26, as well as naturally occurring allelic sequences and equivalent degenerative codon sequences of SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:26. Preferably, the DNA sequence of the present invention encodes amino acids #−25 to #104, #1 to #104 or #3 to #103 of SEQ ID NO:2; or amino acids #1 to #120 or #19 to #120 of SEQ ID NO:26. The DNA sequence may comprise, in a 5′ to 3′ direction, nucleotides encoding a propeptide, and nucleotides encoding for amino acids #−25 to #104, #1 to #104 or #3 to #103 of SEQ ID NO:2; or amino acids #1 to #120 or #19 to #120 of SEQ ID NO:26 The propeptide useful in the above embodiment is preferably selected from the group consisting of native BMP-12 propeptide and a protein propeptide from a different member of the TGF-B superfamily or BMP family. The invention further comprises DNA sequences which hybridize to the above DNA sequences under stringent hybridization conditions and encode a BMP-12 related protein which exhibits the ability to induce formation of tendon/ligament-like tissue.

In other embodiments, the present invention-comprises host cells and vectors which comprise a DNA molecule encoding the BMP-12 protein, or a BMP-12 related protein. The host cells and vectors may further comprise the coding sequence in operative association with an expression control sequence therefor.

In another embodiment, the present invention comprises a method for producing a purified BMP-12 related protein, said method comprising the steps of culturing a host cell transformed with the above DNA molecule or vector comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a BMP-12 related protein; and (b) recovering and purifying said BMP-12 related protein from the culture medium. In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises (a) culturing a cell transformed with a DNA molecule comprising the nucleotide sequence from nucleotide #496, #571 or #577 to #879 or #882 as shown in SEQ ID NO:1; or the nucleotide sequence from #604 or #658 to #963 of SEQ ID NO:25; and

(b) recovering and purifying from said culture medium a protein comprising the amino acid sequence from amino acid #−25, #1 or #3 to amino acid #103 or #104 as shown in SEQ ID NO:2; or from amino acid #1 or #19 to amino acid #120 as shown in SEQ ID NO:26. The present invention also includes a purified protein produced by the above methods.

The present invention further comprises purified BMP-12 related protein characterized by the ability to induce the formation of tendon/ligament-like tissue. The BMP-12 related polypeptides preferably comprise an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:2. The polypeptide more preferably comprise amino acids #−25, #1 or #3 to #103 or #104 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2; or amino acids #1 or #19 to #120 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:26. In a preferred embodiment, the purified polypeptide may be in the form of a dimer comprised of two subunits, each with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.

In another embodiment, the present invention comprises compositions comprising an effective amount of the above-described BMP-12 related proteins. In the compositions, the protein may be admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle.

The invention also includes methods for tendon/ligament-like tissue healing and tissue repair, for treating tendinitis, or other tendon or ligament defects, and for inducing tendon/ligament-like tissue formation in a patient in need of same, comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of the above composition.

Other embodiments include chimeric DNA molecules comprising a DNA sequence encoding a propeptide from a member of the TGF-β superfamily of proteins linked in correct reading frame to a DNA sequence encoding a BMP-12 related polypeptide. One suitable propeptide is the propeptide from BMP-2. The invention also includes heterodimeric protein molecules comprising one monomer having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, and one monomer having the amino acid sequence of another protein of the TGF-β subfamily.

Finally, the present invention comprises methods for inducing tendon/ligament-like tissue formation in a patient in need of same comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a composition comprising a protein which exhibits the ability to induce formation of tendon/ligament-like tissue, said protein having an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO:26. The amino acid sequences are more preferably one of the following: (a) amino acids #−25, #1 or #3 to #103 or #104 of SEQ ID NO:2; (b) amino acids #1 or #19 to #119 or #120 of SEQ ID NO:4; (c) amino acids #1 or #19 to #119 or #120 of SEQ ID NO:26; (d) mutants and/or variants of (a), (b) or (c) which exhibit the ability to form tendon and/or ligament. In other embodiments of the above method, the protein is encoded by a DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:25, more preferably one of the following: (a) nucleotides #496, #571 or #577 to #879 or #882 of SEQ ID NO:1; (b) nucleotides #845 or #899 to #1201 or #1204 of SEQ ID NO:3; (c) nucleotides #605 or #659 to #961 or #964 of SEQ ID NO:25; and (d) sequences which hybridize to (a) or (b) under stringent hybridization conditions and encode a protein which exhibits the ability to form tendon/ligament-like tissue.

Description of the Sequences

SEQ ID NO:1 is the nucleotide sequence encoding the human BMP-12.

SEQ ID NO:2 is the amino acid sequence comprising the mature human BMP-12 polypeptide.

SEQ ID NO:3 is the nucleotide sequence encoding the protein MP52.

SEQ ID NO:4 is the amino acid sequence, comprising the mature MP52 polypeptide.

SEQ ID NO:5 is the nucleotide sequence of a specifically amplified portion of the human BMP-12 encoding sequence.

SEQ ID NO:6 is the amino acid sequence encoded by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:5.

SEQ ID NO:7 is the nucleotide sequence of a specifically amplified portion of the human VL-1 encoding sequence.

SEQ ID NO:8 is the amino acid sequence encoded by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:7.

SEQ ID NO:9 is the nucleotide sequence of the plasmid pALV1-781, used for expression of BMP-12 in E. coli.

SEQ ID NO:10 is the nucleotide sequence of a fragment of the murine clone, mV1.

SEQ ID NO:11 is the amino acid sequence of a fragment of the murine protein encoded by mV1.

SEQ ID NO:12 is the nucleotide sequence of a fragment of the murine clone, mV2.

SEQ ID NO:13 is the amino acid sequence of a fragment of the murine protein encoded by mV2.

SEQ ID NO:14 is the nucleotide sequence of a fragment of the murine clone, mV9.

SEQ ID NO:15 is the amino acid sequence of a fragment of the murine protein encoded by mV9.

SEQ ID NO:16 is the amino acid sequence of a BMP/TGF-β/Vg-1 protein consensus sequence The first Xaa represents either Gln or Asn; the second Xaa represents either Val or Ile.

SEQ ID NO:17 is the nucleotide sequence of oligonucleotide #1.

SEQ ID NO:18 is the amino acid sequence of a BMP/TGF-β/Vg-1 protein consensus sequence. The Xaa represents either Val or Leu.

SEQ ID NO:19 is the nucleotide sequence of oligonucleotide #2.

SEQ ID NO:20 is the nucleotide sequence of oligonucleotide #3.

SEQ ID NO:21 is the nucleotide sequence of oligonucleotide #4.

SEQ ID NO:22 is the nucleotide sequence of oligonucleotide #5.

SEQ ID NO:23 is the nucleotide sequence of oligonucleotide #6.

SEQ ID NO:24 is the nucleotide sequence of oligonucleotide #7.

SEQ ID NO:25 is the nucleotide sequence of the human VL-1 (BMP-13) encoding sequence.

SEQ ID NO:26 is the amino acid sequence encoded by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:25.

SEQ ID NO:27 is the nucleotide sequence encoding a fusion of BMP-2 propeptide and the mature coding sequence of BMP-12.

SEQ ID NO:28 is the amino acid sequence encoded by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:27.

SEQ ID NO:29 is the nucleotide sequence encoding the murine mV1 protein. the first Xaa is Val, Ala, Glu or Gly; the second Xaa is Ser, Pro Thr or Ala; the third Xaa is Ser or Arg; the fourth Xaa is Leu, Pro, Gln or Arg; the fifth Xaa is Cys or Trp; the sixth Xaa is Val, Ala, Asp or Gly; the seventh Xaa is Val, Ala, Glu or Gly; the eigth Xaa is Gln, Lys or Glu.

SEQ ID NO:30 is the amino acid sequence encoded by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:29. the first Xaa through the eigth Xaa are the same as in SEQ ID NO:29.

SEQ ID NO:31 is the nucleotide sequence encoding the murine mV2 protein. the first Xaa is Pro or Thr; the second Xaa is Val.

SEQ ID NO:32 is the amino acid sequence encoded by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:31. The first Xaa and the second Xaa are the same as in SEQ ID NO:31.

SEQ ID NO:33 is the nucleotide sequence encoding human BMP-12 protein.

SEQ ID NO:34 is the amino acid sequence encoded by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:33.

SEQ ID NO:35 is the nucleotide sequence of oligonucleotide #8.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a comparison of the human BMP-12 and human MP52 sequences. The sequence of human BMP-12 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. The sequence of MP52 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The DNA sequences of the present invention are useful for producing proteins which induce the formation of tendon/ligament-like tissue, as described further below. The DNA sequences of the present invention are further useful for isolating and cloning further DNA sequences encoding BMP-12 related proteins with similar activity. These BMP-12 related proteins may be homologues from other species, or may be related proteins within the same species.

Still, a further aspect of the invention are DNA sequences coding for expression of a tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing protein. Such sequences include the sequence of nucleotides in a 5′ to 3′ direction illustrated in SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:25, DNA sequences which, but for the degeneracy of the genetic code, are identical to the DNA sequence SEQ ID NO:1 or 25, and encode the protein of SEQ ID NO:2 or 26. Further included in the present invention are DNA sequences which hybridize under stringent conditions with the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or 25 and encode a protein having the ability to induce the formation of tendon or ligament. Preferred DNA sequences include those which hybridize under stringent conditions as described in Maniatis et al, Molecular Cloning (A Laboratory Manual), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1982), pages 387 to 389. Finally, allelic or other variations of the sequences of SEQ ID NO:1 or 25, whether such nucleotide changes result in changes in the peptide sequence or not, but where the peptide sequence still has tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing activity, are also included in the present invention.

The human BMP-12 DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO:1) and amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:2) are set forth in the Sequence Listings. Another protein that is useful for the compositions and methods of the present invention is VL-1. VL-1 is a BMP-12 related protein which was cloned using sequences from BMP-12. The inventors have now designated VL-1 as BMP-13. A partial DNA sequence of VL-1 (SEQ ID NO:7) and the encoded amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:8); as well as a DNA sequence encoding the mature VL-1 (SEQ ID NO:25) and the encoded amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:26) are set forth in the Sequence Listings. Although further descriptions are made with reference to the BMP-12 sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and 2, it will be recognized that the invention includes similar modifications and improvements which may be made to other BMP-12 related sequences, such as the VL-1 sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:25 and 26.

The sequence of BMP-12 shown in SEQ ID NO. 1 includes the entire mature sequence and approximately 190 amino acids of the propeptide. The coding sequence of the mature human BMP-12 protein appears to begin at nucleotide #496 or #571 and continues through nucleotide #882 of SEQ ID NO:1. The first cysteine in the seven cysteine structure characteristic of TGF-β proteins begins at nucleotide #577. The last cysteine ends at #879. Thus, it is expected that DNA sequences encoding active BMP-12 species will comprise nucleotides #577 to #879 of SEQ ID NO:1.

It is expected that BMP-12, as expressed by mammalian cells such as CHO cells, exists as a heterogeneous population of active species of BMP-12 protein with varying N-termini. It is expected that all active species will contain the amino acid sequence beginning with the cysteine residue at amino acid #3 of SEQ ID NO:2 and continue through at least the cysteine residue at amino acid 103 or until the stop codon after amino acid 104. Other active species contain additional amino acid sequence in the N-terminal direction. As described further herein, the N-termini of active species produced by mammalian cells are expected to begin after the occurrence of a consensus cleavage site, encoding a peptide sequence Arg-X-X-Arg (SEQ ID NO:2, residues −4 to −1). Thus, it is expected that DNA sequences encoding active BMP-12 proteins will have a nucleotide sequence comprising the nucleotide sequence beginning at any of nucleotides #196,199, 208, 217, 361, 388, 493, 496 or 571 to nucleotide #879 or 882 of SEQ ID NO:1.

The N-terminus of one active species of human BMP-12 has been experimentally determined by expression in E. coli to be as follows: [M]SRXSRKPLHVDF (SEQ ID NO:2, residues 1 to 12), wherein X designates an amino acid residue with no clear signal, which is consistent with a cysteine residue at that location. Thus, it appears that the N-terminus of this species of BMP-12 is at amino acid #1 of SEQ ID NO:1, and a DNA sequence encoding said species of BMP-12 would start at nucleotide #571 of SEQ ID NO:1. The apparent molecular weight of this species of human BMP-12 dimer was determined by SDS-PAGE to be approximately 20-22 kd on a Novex 16% tricine gel. The pl of this molecule is approximately 4.9. The human BMP-12 protein exists as a clear, colorless solution in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. The N-terminus of another active species of human BMP-12 has been experimentally determined by expression in E. coli to be [M]TALA (SEQ ID NO:2, residues −25 to −22). The pl of this molecule is approximately 7.0. The apparent molecular weight of this species of human BMP-12 dimer was determined by SDS-PAGE to be approximately 25-27 kd on a Novex 16% tricine gel. The human BMP-12 protein exists as a clear, colorless solution in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid.

As described earlier, BMP-12 related proteins are a subset of the BMP/TGF-β/Vg-1 family of proteins, including BMP-12 and VL-1, which can be defined as tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing proteins encoded by DNA sequences which can be cloned and identified, e.g., using PCR, using BMP-12 specific primers, such as primers #6 and #7 described below, with reduced stringency conditions. It is preferred that DNA sequences of the present invention share at least about 80% homology at the amino acid level from amino acids with the DNA encoding amino acids #3 to #103 of SEQ ID NO:1. For the purposes of the present invention, the term BMP-12 related proteins does not include the human MP52 protein. Using the sequence information of SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3, and the comparison provided in FIG. 1 it is within the skill of the art to design primers to the BMP-12 sequence which will allow for the cloning of genes encoding BMP-12 related proteins.

One example of the BMP-12-related proteins of the present invention is VL-1, presently referred to as BMP-13. The sequence of the full mature BMP-13 sequence and at least a part of the propeptide of BMP-13 is given in SEQ ID NO:25. Like BMP-12, it is expected that BMP-13, as expressed by mammalian cells such as CHO cells, exists as a heterogeneous population of active species of BMP-13 protein with varying N-termini. It is expected that all active species will contain the amino acid sequence beginning with the cysteine residue at amino acid #19 of SEQ ID NO:26 and continue through at least the cysteine residue at amino acid 119 or until the stop codon after amino acid 120. Other active species contain additional amino acid sequence in the N-terminal direction. As described further herein, the N-termini of active species produced by mammalian cells are expected to begin after the occurrence of a consensus cleavage site, encoding a peptide sequence Arg-X-X-Arg (SEQ ID NO:26, residues −4 to −1). Thus, it is expected that DNA sequences encoding active BMP-13 proteins will have a nucleotide sequence comprising the nucleotide sequence beginning at any of nucleotides #410, 458, 602, 605 or 659, to nucleotide #961 or 964 of SEQ ID NO:25.

In order to produce the purified tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing proteins useful for the present invention, a method is employed comprising culturing a host cell transformed with a DNA sequence comprising a suitable coding sequence, particularly the DNA coding sequence from nucleotide #496, #571 or #577 to #879 or #882 of SEQ ID NO:1; and recovering and purifying from the culture medium a protein which contains the amino acid sequence or a substantially homologous sequence as represented by amino acids #−25, #1 or #3 to #103 or #104 of SEQ ID NO:2. In another embodiment, the method employed comprises culturing a host cell transformed with a DNA sequence comprising a suitable coding sequence, particularly the DNA coding sequence from nucleotide #605 or #659 to #961 or #964 of SEQ ID NO:25; and recovering and purifying from the culture medium a protein which contains the amino acid sequence or a substantially homologous sequence as represented by amino acids #1 or #19 to #119 or #120 of SEQ ID NO:26.

The human MP52 DNA is described in WO93/16099, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. However, this document does not disclose the ability of the protein to form tendon/ligament-like tissue, or its use in compositions for induction of tendon/ligament-like tissue. Human MP52 was originally isolated using RNA from human embryo tissue. The human MP52 nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:3) and the encoded amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NO:4) are set forth in the Sequence Listings herein. The MP52 protein appears to begin at nucleotide #845 of SEQ ID NO:3 and continues through nucleotide #1204 of SEQ ID NO:3. The first cysteine of the seven cysteine structure characteristic of TGF-β proteins begins at nucleotide #899. The last cysteine ends at #1201. Other active species of MP52 protein may have additional nucleotides at the N-terminal direction from nucleotide #845 of SEQ ID NO:3.

Purified human MP52 proteins of the present invention may be produced by culturing a host cell transformed with a DNA sequence comprising the DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 from nucleotide #845 to #1204, and recovering and purifying from the culture medium a protein which contains the amino acid sequence or a substantially homologous sequence as represented by amino acids #1 to #120 of SEQ ID NO:4. It is also expected that the amino acid sequence from amino acids #17 or #19 to #119 or #120 of SEQ ID NO:4 will retain activity. Thus, the DNA sequence from nucleotides #845, #893 or #899 to #1201 or #1204 are expected to encode active proteins.

For expression of the protein in mammalian host cells, the host cell is transformed with a coding sequence encoding a propeptide suitable for the secretion of proteins by the host cell is linked in proper reading frame to the coding sequence for the mature protein. For example, see U.S. Pat. No. 5,168,050, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference, in which a DNA encoding a precursor portion of a mammalian protein other than BMP-2 is fused to the DNA encoding a mature BMP-2 protein. Thus, the present invention includes chimeric DNA molecules comprising a DNA sequence encoding a propeptide from a member of the TGF-β superfamily of proteins, is linked in correct reading frame to a DNA sequence encoding a tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing polypeptide. The term “chimeric” is used to signify that the propeptide originates from a different polypeptide than the encoded mature polypeptide. Of course, the host cell may be transformed with a DNA sequence coding sequence encoding the native propeptide linked in correct reading frame to a coding sequence encoding the mature protein shown in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, or SEQ ID NO:26. The full sequence of the native propeptide may be determined through methods known in the art using the sequences disclosed in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, or SEQ ID NO:25 to design a suitable probe for identifying and isolating the entire clone.

The present invention also encompasses the novel DNA sequences, free of association with DNA sequences encoding other proteinaceous materials, and coding for expression of tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing proteins. These DNA sequences include those depicted in SEQ ID NO:1 in a 5′ to 3′ direction and those sequences which hybridize thereto under stringent hybridization conditions [for example, 0.1×SSC, 0.1% SDS at 65° C.; see, T. Maniatis et al, Molecular Cloning (A Laboratory Manual), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1982), pages 387 to 389] and encode a protein having tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing activity.

Similarly, DNA sequences which code for proteins coded for by the sequences of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:25, or proteins which comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:26, but which differ in codon sequence due to the degeneracies of the genetic code or allelic variations (naturally-occurring base changes in the species population which may or may not result in an amino acid change) also encode the tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing proteins described herein. Variations in the DNA sequences of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:25 which are caused by point mutations or by induced modifications (including insertion, deletion, and substitution) to enhance the activity, half-life or production of the polypeptides encoded are also encompassed in the invention.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a novel method for producing tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing proteins. The method of the present invention involves culturing a suitable cell line, which has been transformed with a DNA sequence encoding a protein of the invention, under the control of known regulatory sequences. The transformed host cells are cultured and the proteins recovered and purified from the culture medium. The purified proteins are substantially free from other proteins with which they are co-produced as well as from other contaminants.

Suitable cells or cell lines may be mammalian cells, such as Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). As described above, expression of protein in mammalian cells requires an appropriate propeptide to assure secretion of the protein. The selection of suitable mammalian host cells and methods for transformation, culture, amplification, screening, product production and purification are known in the art. See, e.g., Gething and Sambrook, Nature, 293:620-625 (1981), or alternatively, Kaufman et al, Mol. Cell. Biol., 5(7):1750-1759 (1985) or Howley et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,419,446. Another suitable mammalian cell line, which is described in the accompanying examples, is the monkey COS-1 cell line. The mammalian cell CV-1 may also be suitable.

Bacterial cells may also be suitable hosts. For example, the various strains of E. coli (e.g., HB101, MC1061) are well-known as host cells in the field of biotechnology. Various strains of B. subtilis, Pseudomonas, other bacilli and the like may also be employed in this method. For expression of the protein in bacterial cells, DNA encoding a propeptide is not necessary.

Bacterial expression of mammalian proteins, including members of the TGF-β family is known to produce the proteins in a non-glycosylated form, and in the form of insoluble pellets, known as inclusion bodies. Techniques have been described in the art for solubilizing these inclusion bodies, denaturing the protein using a chaotropic agent, and refolding the protein sufficiently correctly to allow for their production in a soluble form. For example, see EP 0433225, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Alternatively, methods have been devised which circumvent inclusion body formation, such as expression of gene fusion proteins, wherein the desired protein is expressed as a fusion protein with a fusion partner. The fusion protein is later subjected to cleavage to produce the desired protein. One example of such a gene fusion expression system for E. coli is based on use of the E. coli thioredoxin gene as a fusion partner, LaVallie et al., Bio/Technology, 11:187-193 (1993), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Many strains of yeast cells known to those skilled in the art may also be available as host cells for expression of the polypeptides of the present invention. Additionally, where desired, insect cells may be utilized as host cells in the method of the present invention. See, e.g. Miller et al, Genetic Engineering, 8:277-298 (Plenum Press 1986) and references cited therein.

Another aspect of the present invention provides vectors for use in the method of expression of these tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing proteins. Preferably the vectors contain the full novel DNA sequences described above which encode the novel factors of the invention. Additionally, the vectors contain appropriate expression control sequences permitting expression of the protein sequences. Alternatively, vectors incorporating modified sequences as described above are also embodiments of the present invention. Additionally, the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:25 could be manipulated to express a mature protein by deleting propeptide sequences and replacing them with sequences encoding the complete propeptides of BMP proteins or members of the TGF-β superfamily. Thus, the present invention includes chimeric DNA molecules encoding a propeptide from a member of the TGF-β superfamily linked in correct reading frame to a DNA sequence encoding a protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO:26, The vectors may be employed in the method of transforming cell lines and contain selected regulatory sequences in operative association with the DNA coding sequences of the invention which are capable of directing the replication and expression thereof in selected host cells. Regulatory sequences for such vectors are known to those skilled in the art and may be selected depending upon the host cells. Such selection is routine and does not form part of the present invention.

A protein of the present invention, which induces tendon/ligament-like tissue or other tissue formation in circumstances where such tissue is not normally formed, has application in the healing of tendon or ligament tears, deformities and other tendon or ligament defects in humans and other animals. Such a preparation employing a tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing protein may have prophylactic use in preventing damage to tendon or ligament tissue, as well as use in the improved fixation of tendon or ligament to bone or other tissues, and in repairing defects to tendon or ligament tissue. De novo tendon/ligament-like tissue formation induced by a composition of the present invention contributes to the repair of congenital, trauma induced, or other tendon or ligament defects of other origin, and is also useful in cosmetic plastic surgery for attachment or repair of tendons or ligaments. The compositions of the invention may also be useful in the treatment of tendinitis, carpal tunnel syndrome and other tendon or ligament defects. The compositions of the present invention can also be used in other indications wherein it is desirable to heal or regenerate tendon and/or ligament tissue. Such indications include, without limitation, regeneration or repair of injuries to the periodontal ligament, such as occurs in tendonitis, and regeneration or repair of the tendon-to-bone attachment. The compositions of the present invention may provide an environment to attract tendon- or ligament-forming cells, stimulate growth of tendon- or ligament-forming cells or induce differentiation of progenitors of tendon- or ligament-forming cells.

The BMP-12 related proteins may be recovered from the culture medium and purified by isolating them from other proteinaceous materials from which they are co-produced and from other contaminants present. The proteins of the present invention are capable of inducing the formation of tendon/ligament-like tissue. These proteins may be further characterized by the ability to demonstrate tendon/ligament-like tissue formation activity in the rat ectopic implant assay described below. It is contemplated that these proteins may have ability to induce the formation of other types of tissue, such as ligaments, as well.

The tendontligament-like tissue inducing proteins provided herein also include factors encoded by the sequences similar to those of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:25, but into which modifications are naturally provided (e.g. allelic variations in the nucleotide sequence which may result in amino acid changes in the polypeptide) or deliberately engineered. For example, synthetic polypeptides may wholly or partially duplicate continuous sequences of the amino acid residues of SEQ ID NO:2. These sequences, by virtue of sharing primary, secondary, or tertiary structural and conformational characteristics with tendon/ligament-like tissue growth factor polypeptides of SEQ ID NO:2 may possess tendon/ligament-like or other tissue growth factor biological properties in common therewith. Thus, they may be employed as biologically active substitutes for naturally-occurring tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing polypeptides in therapeutic compositions and processes.

Other specific mutations of the sequences of tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing proteins described herein involve modifications of glycosylation sites. These modifications may involve O-linked or N-linked glycosylation sites. For instance, the absence of glycosylation or only partial glycosylation results, from amino acid substitution or deletion at asparagine-linked glycosylation recognition sites. The asparagine-linked glycosylation recognition sites comprise tripeptide sequences which are specifically recognized by appropriate cellular glycosylation enzymes. These tripeptide sequences may be asparagine-X-threonine, asparagine-X-serine or asparagine-X-cysteine, where X is usually any amino acid except proline. A variety of amino acid substitutions or deletions at one or both of the first or third amino acid positions of a glycosylation recognition site (and/or amino acid deletion at the second position) results in non-glycosylation at the modified tripeptide sequence. Additionally, bacterial expression of protein will also result in production of a non-glycosylated protein, even if the glycosylation sites are left unmodified

The compositions of the present invention comprise a purified BMP-12 related protein which may be produced by culturing a cell transformed with the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:25 and recovering and purifying protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:26 from the culture medium. The purified expressed protein is substantially free from other proteinaceous materials with which it is co-produced, as well as from other contaminants. The recovered purified protein is contemplated to exhibit tendon/ligament-like tissue formation activity, and other tissue growth activity, such as ligament regeneration. The proteins of the invention may be further characterized by the ability to demonstrate tendon/ligament-like tissue formation activity in the rat assay described below.

The compositions for inducing tendon/ligament-like tissue formation of the present invention may comprise an effective amount of a tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing protein, wherein said protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, preferably amino acids #−25, #1 or #3 to #103 or #104 of SEQ ID NO:2; or amino acids #1 or #19 to #120 of SEQ ID NO:26; as well as mutants and/or variants of SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:26, which exhibit the ability to form tendon and/or ligament like tissue.

Compositions of the present invention may further comprise additional proteins, such as additional members of the TGF-β superfamily of proteins, such as activins. Another aspect of the invention provides pharmaceutical compositions containing a therapeutically effective amount of a tendon/ligament-inducing protein, such as BMP-12 or VL-1, in a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or carrier. These compositions may be used to induce the formation of tendon/ligament-like tissue or other tissue. It is contemplated that such compositions may also be used for tendon and ligament repair, wound healing and other tissue repair, such as skin repair. It is further contemplated that proteins of the invention may increase neuronal survival and therefore be useful in transplantation and treatment of conditions exhibiting a decrease in neuronal survival. Compositions of the invention may further include at least one other therapeutically useful agent, such as the BMP proteins BMP-1, BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP-4, BMP-5, BMP-6 and BMP-7, disclosed for instance in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,108,922; 5,013,649; 5,116,738; 5,106,748; 5,187,076; and 5,141,905; BMP-8, disclosed in PCT publication WO91/1 8098; BMP-9, disclosed in POT publication WO93/00432; and BMP-10 or BMP-11, disclosed in co-pending patent applications, Ser. No. 08/061,695, filed on May 12, 1993, now abandoned, a continuation-in-part of which has issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,637,480, and Ser. No. 08/061,464, filed on May 12, 1993, now abandoned, a continuation-in-part of which has issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,639,638. The disclosure of the above documents are hereby incorporated by reference herein.

The compositions of the invention may comprise, in addition to a tendon/ligament-inducing protein such as BMP-12 or VL-1 (BMP-13), other therapeutically useful agents including MP52, epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factors (TGF-α and TGF-β), and fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4), parathyroid hormone (PTH), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF/HILDA/DIA), insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II). Portions of these agents may also be used in compositions of the present invention. For example, a composition comprising both BMP-2 and BMP-12 implanted together gives rise to both bone and tendon/ligament-like tissue. Such a composition may be useful for treating defects of the embryonic joint where tendon, ligaments, and bone form simultaneously at contiguous anatomical locations, and may be useful for regenerating tissue at the site of tendon attachment to bone. It is contemplated that the compositions of the invention may also be used in wound healing, such as skin healing and related tissue repair. The types of wounds include, but are not limited to burns, incisions and ulcers. (See, e.g. PCT Publication WO84/01106 for discussion of wound healing and related tissue repair).

It is expected that the proteins of the invention may act in concert with or perhaps synergistically with other related proteins and growth factors. Further therapeutic methods and compositions of the invention therefore comprise a therapeutic amount of at least one protein of the invention with a therapeutic amount of at least one of the BMP proteins described above. Such compositions may comprise separate molecules of the BMP proteins or heteromolecules comprised of different BMP moieties. For example, a method and composition of the invention may comprise a disulfide linked dimer comprising a BMP-12 related protein subunit and a subunit from one of the “BMP” proteins described above. Thus, the present invention includes compositions comprising a purified BMP-12 related polypeptide which is a heterodimer wherein one subunit comprises the amino acid sequence from amino acid #1 to amino acid #104 of SEQ ID NO:2, and one subunit comprises an amino acid sequence for a bone morphogenetic protein selected from the group consisting of BMP-1, BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP4, BMP-5, BMP-6, BMP-7, BMP-8, BMP-9, BMP-10 and BMP-11. A further embodiment may comprise a heterodimer of disulfide bonded tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing moieties such as BMP-12, VL-1 (BMP-13) or MP52. For example the heterodimer may comprise one subunit comprising an amino acid sequence from #1 to #104 of SEQ ID NO:2 and the other subunit may comprise an amino acid sequence from #1 to #120 of SEQ ID NO:4 or #1 to #120 of SEQ ID NO:26. Further, compositions of the present invention may be combined with other agents beneficial to the treatment of the defect, wound, or tissue in question.

The preparation and formulation of such physiologically acceptable protein compositions, having due regard to pH, isotonicity, stability and the like, is within the skill of the art. The therapeutic compositions are also presently valuable for veterinary applications due to the lack of species specificity in TGF-β proteins. Particularly domestic animals and thoroughbred horses in addition to humans are desired patients for such treatment with the compositions of the present invention.

The therapeutic method includes administering the composition topically, systemically, or locally as an injectable and/or implant or device. When administered, the therapeutic composition for use in this invention is, of course, in a pyrogen-free, physiologically acceptable form. Further, the composition may desirably be encapsulated or injected in a viscous form for delivery to the site of tissue damage. Topical administration may be suitable for wound healing and tissue repair. Therapeutically useful agents other than the proteins which may also optionally be included in the composition as described above, may alternatively or additionally, be administered simultaneously or sequentially with the composition in the methods of the invention. In addition, the compositions of the present invention may be used in conjunction with presently available treatments for tendon/ligament injuries, such as suture (e.g., vicryl sutures or surgical gut sutures, Ethicon Inc., Somerville, N.J.) or tendon/ligament allograft or autograft, in order to enhance or accelerate the healing potential of the suture or graft. For example, the suture, allograft or autograft may be soaked in the compositions of the present invention prior to implantation. It may also be possible to incorporate the protein or composition of the invention onto suture materials, for example, by freeze-drying.

The compositions may include an appropriate matrix and/or sequestering agent as a carrier. For instance, the matrix may support the composition or provide a surface for tendon/ligament-like tissue formation and/or other tissue formation. The matrix may provide slow release of the protein and/or the appropriate environment for presentation thereof. The sequestering agent may be a substance which aids in ease of administration through injection or other means, or may slow the migration of protein from the site of application.

The choice of a carrier material is based on biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical properties, cosmetic appearance and interface properties. The particular application of the compositions will define the appropriate formulation. Potential matrices for the compositions may be biodegradable and chemically defined. Further matrices are comprised of pure proteins or extracellular matrix components. Other potential matrices are nonbiodegradable and chemically defined. Preferred matrices include collagen-based materials, including sponges, such as Helistat® (Integra LifeSciences, Plainsboro, N.J.), or collagen in an injectable form, as well as sequestering agents, which may be biodegradable, for example hyalouronic acid derived. Biodegradable materials, such as cellulose films, or surgical meshes, may also serve as matrices. Such materials could be sutured into an injury site, or wrapped around the tendon/ligament.

Another preferred class of carrier are polymeric matrices, including polymers of poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid) and copolymers of lactic acid and glycolic acid. These matrices may be in the form of a sponge, or in the form of porous particles, and may also include a sequestering agent. Suitable polymer matrices are described, for example, in WO93/00050, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Preferred families of sequestering agents include blood, fibrin clot and/or cellulosic materials such as alkylcelluloses (including hydroxyalkylcelluloses) including methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose. hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose. the most preferred being cationic salts of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Other preferred sequestering agents include hyaluronic acid, sodium alginate, poly(ethylene glycol), polyoxyethylene oxide, carboxyvinyl polymer and poly(vinyl alcohol). The amount of sequestering agent useful herein is 0.5-20 wt %, preferably 1-10 wt % based on total formulation weight, which represents the amount necessary to prevent desorbtion of the protein from the polymer matrix and to provide appropriate handling of the composition, yet not so much that the progenitor cells are prevented from infiltrating the matrix, thereby providing the protein the opportunity to assist the activity of the progenitor cells.

Additional optional components useful in the practice of the subject application include, e.g. cryogenic protectors such as mannitol, sucrose, lactose, glucose, or glycine (to protect the protein from degradation during lyophilization), antimicrobial preservatives such as methyl and propyl parabens and benzyl alcohol; antioxidants such as EDTA, citrate and BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene); and surfactants such as poly(sorbates) and poly(oxyethylenes); etc.

As described above, the compositions of the invention may be employed in methods for treating a number of tendon defects, such as the regeneration of tendon/ligament-like tissue in areas of tendon or ligament damage, to assist in repair of tears of tendon tissue, ligaments, and various other types of tissue defects or wounds. These methods, according to the invention, entail administering to a patient needing such tendon/ligament-like tissue or other tissue repair, a composition comprising an effective amount of a tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing protein, such as described in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4 and/or SEQ ID NO:26. These methods may also entail the administration of a tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing protein in conjunction with at least one of the BMP proteins described above.

In another embodiment, the methods may entail administration of a heterodimeric protein in which one of the monomers is a tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing polypeptide, such as BMP-12, VL-1 (BMP-13) or MP52, and the second monomer is a member of the TGF-β superfamily of growth factors. In addition, these methods may also include the administration of a tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing protein with other growth factors including EGF, FGF, TGF-α, TGF-β, and IGF.

Thus, a further aspect of the invention is a therapeutic method and composition for repairing tendon/ligament-like tissue, for repairing tendon or ligament as well as treating tendinitis and other conditions related to tendon or ligament defects. Such compositions comprise a therapeutically effective amount of one or more tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing proteins, such as BMP-12, a BMP-12 related protein, or MP52, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, carrier or matrix.

The dosage regimen will be determined by the attending physician considering various factors which modify the action of the composition, e.g., amount of tendon or ligament tissue desired to be formed, the site of tendon or ligament damage, the condition of the damaged tendon or ligament, the size of a wound, type of damaged tissue, the patient's age, sex, and diet, the severity of any infection, time of administration and other clinical factors. The dosage may vary with the type of matrix used in the reconstitution and the types of additional proteins in the composition. The addition of other known growth factors, such as IGF-I (insulin like growth factor I), to the final composition, may also affect the dosage.

Progress can be monitored by periodic assessment of tendon/ligament-like tissue formation, or tendon or ligament growth and/or repair. The progress can be monitored by methods known in the art, for example, X-rays, arthroscopy, histomorphometric determinations and tetracycline labeling.

The following examples illustrate practice of the present invention in recovering and characterizing human tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing protein and employing them to recover the other tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing proteins, obtaining the human proteins, expressing the proteins via recombinant techniques, and demonstration of the ability of the compositions of the present invention to form tendon/ligament-like tissue in an in vivo model. Although the examples demonstrate the invention with respect to BMP-12, with minor modifications within the skill of the art, the same results are believed to be attainable with MP52 and VL-1.

EXAMPLE 1

Isolation of DNA

DNA sequences encoding BMP-12 and BMP-12 related proteins may be isolated by various techniques known to those skilled in the art. As described below, oligonucleotide primers may be designed on the basis of amino acid sequences present in other BMP proteins, Vg-1 related proteins and other proteins of the TGF-β superfamily. Regions containing amino acid sequences which are highly conserved within the BMP family of proteins and within other members of the TGF-β superfamily of proteins can be identified and consensus amino acid sequences of these highly conserved regions can be constructed based on the similarity of the corresponding regions of individual BMP/TGF-β/Vg-1 proteins. An example of such a consensus amino acid sequence is indicated below.

Consensus Amino Acid Sequence (1)

Trp-Gln/Asn-Asp-Trp-Ile-Val/Ile-Ala (SEQ ID NO:16)

Where X/Y indicates that either amino acid residue may appear at that position.

The following oligonucleotide is designed on the basis of the above identified consensus amino acid sequence (1):

#1: CGGATCCTGGVANGAYTGGATHRTNGC (SEQ ID NO:17)

This oligonucleotide sequence is synthesized on an automated DNA synthesizer. The standard nucleotide symbols in the above identified oligonucleotide primer are as follows: A,adenosine; C,cytosine; G,guanine; T,thymine; N,adenosine or cytosine or guanine or thymine; R,adenosine or cytosine; Y,cytosine or thymine; H,adenosine or cytosine or thymine; V,adenosine or cytosine or guanine; D,adenosine or guanine or thymine.

The first seven nucleotides of oligonucleotide #1 (underlined) contain the recognition sequence for the restriction endonuclease BamHI in order to facilitate the manipulation of a specifically amplified DNA sequence encoding the BMP-12 protein and are thus not derived from the consensus amino acid sequence (1) presented above.

A second consensus amino acid sequence is derived from another highly conserved region of BMP/TGF-β/Vg-1 proteins as described below:

His-Ala-Ile-Val/Leu-Gln-Thr (SEQ ID NO:18)

The following oligonucleotide is designed on the basis of the above identified consensus amino acid sequence (2):

#2: TTTCTAGAARNGTYTGNACDATNGCRTG (SEQ ID NO:19)

This oligonucleotide sequence is synthesized on an automated DNA synthesizer. The same nucleotide symbols are used as described above.

The first seven nucleotides of oligonucleotide #1 (underlined) contain the recognition sequence for the restriction endonuclease XbaI in order to facilitate the manipulation of a specifically amplified DNA sequence encoding the BMP-12 protein and are thus not derived from the consensus amino acid sequence (2) presented above.

It is contemplated that the BMP-12 protein of the invention and other BMP/TGF-β/Vg-1 related proteins may contain amino acid sequences similar to the consensus amino acid sequences described above and that the location of those sequences within a BMP-12 protein or other novel related proteins would correspond to the relative locations in the proteins from which they were derived. It is further contemplated that this positional information derived from the structure of other BMP/TGF-β/Vg-1 proteins and the oligonucleotide sequences #1 and #2 which have been derived from consensus amino acid sequences (1) and (2), respectively, could be utilized to specifically amplify DNA sequences encoding the corresponding amino acids of a BMP-12 protein or other BMP/TGF-β/Vg-1 related proteins.

Based on the knowledge of the gene structures of BMP/TGF-β/Vg-1 proteins it is further contemplated that human genomic DNA can be used as a template to perform specific amplification reactions which would result in the identification of BMP-12 BMP/TGF-β/Vg-1 (BMP-12 related protein) encoding sequences. Such specific amplification reactions of a human genomic DNA template could be initiated with the use of oligonucleotide primers #1 and #2 described earlier. Oligonucleotides #1 and #2 identified above are utilized as primers to allow the specific amplification of a specific nucleotide sequence from human genomic DNA. The amplification reaction is performed as follows:

Human genomic DNA (source: peripheral blood lymphocytes), provided by Ken Jacobs of Genetics Institute, is sheared by repeated passage through a 25 gauge needle, denatured at 100° C. for 5 minutes and then chilled on ice before adding to a reaction mixture containing 200 μM each deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dATP, dGTP, dCTP and dTTP), 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl₂, 0.001% gelatin, 1.25 units Taq DNA polymerase, 100 pM oligonucleotide #1 and 100 pM oligonucleotide #2. This reaction mixture is incubated at 94° C. for two minutes and then subjected to thermal cycling in the following manner: 1 minute at 94° C., 1 minute at 40° C., 1 minute at 72° C for three cycles; then 1 minute at 94° C., 1 minute at 55° C., 1 minute at 72° C. for thirty-seven cycles, followed by a 10 minute incubation at 72° C.

The DNA which is specifically amplified by this reaction is ethanol precipitated, digested with the restriction endonucleases BamHI and XbaI and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. A region of the gel, corresponding to the predicted size of the BMP-12 or other BMP/TGF-β/Vg-1 encoding DNA fragment, is excised and the specifically amplified DNA fragments contained therein are electroeluted and subcloned into the plasmid vector pGEM-3 between the XbaI and BamHI sites of the polylinker. DNA sequence analysis of one of the resulting BMP-12 related subclones indicates the specifically amplified DNA sequence product contained therein encodes a portion of the BMP-12 protein of the invention.

The DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO:5) and derived amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:6) of this specifically amplified DNA fragment of BMP-12 are shown in the SEQUENCE Listings.

Nucleotides #1-#26 of SEQ ID NO:5 comprise a portion of oligonucleotide #1 and nucleotides #103-#128 comprise a portion of the reverse compliment of oligonucleotide #2 utilized to perform the specific amplification reaction. Due to the function of oligonucleotides #1 and #2 in initiating the amplification reaction, they may not correspond exactly to the actual sequence encoding a BMP-12 protein and are therefore not translated in the corresponding amino acid derivation (SEQ ID NO:6).

DNA sequence analysis of another subclone indicates that the specifically amplified DNA product contained therein encodes a portion of another BMP/TGF-β/Vg-1 (BMP-12 related) protein of the invention named VL-1.

The DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO:7) and derived amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:8) of this specifically amplified DNA fragment are shown in the Sequence Listings.

Nucleotides #1-#26 of SEQ ID NO:7 comprise a portion of oligonucleotide #1 and nucleotides #103-#128 comprise a portion of the reverse compliment of oligonucleotide #2 utilized to perform the specific amplification reaction. Due to the function of oligonucleotides #1 and #2 in initiating the amplification reaction, they may not correspond exactly to the actual sequence encoding a VL-1 protein of the invention and are therefore not translated in the corresponding amino acid derivation (SEQ ID NO:8).

The following oligonucleotide probe is designed on the basis of the specifically amplified BMP-12 human DNA sequence set forth above (SEQ ID NO:5) and synthesized on an automated DNA synthesizer:

#3: CCACTGCGAGGGCCTTTGCGACTTCCCTTTGCGTTCGCAC (SEQ ID NO:20)

This oligonucleotide probe is radioactively labeled with ³²P and employed to screen a human genomic library constructed in the vector λFIX (Stratagene catalog #944201). 500,000 recombinants of the human genomic library are plated at a density of approximately 10,000 recombinants per plate on 50 plates. Duplicate nitrocellulose replicas of the recombinant bacteriophage plaques and hybridized to oligonucleotide probe #3 in standard hybridization buffer (SHB=5×SSC, 0.1% SDS, 5×Denhardt's, 100 μg/ml salmon sperm DNA) at 65° C. overnight. The following day the radioactively labelled oligonucleotide containing hybridization solution is removed an the filters are washed with 0.2×SSC, 0.1% SDS at 65° C. A single positively hybridizing recombinant is identified and plaque purified. This plaque purified recombinant bacteriophage clone which hybridizes to the BMP-12 oligonucleotide probe #3 is designated λHuG-48. A bacteriophage plate stock is made and bacteriophage DNA is isolated from the λHuG-48 human genomic clone. The bacteriophage λHuG-48 has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. “ATCC” under the accession #75625 on Dec. 7, 1993. This deposit meets the requirements of the Budapest Treaty of the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purpose of Patent Procedure and Regulations thereunder. The oligonucleotide hybridizing region of this recombinant, λHuG-48, is localized to a 3.2 kb BamHI fragment. This fragment is subcloned into a plasmid vector (pGEM-3) and DNA sequence analysis is performed. This plasmid subclone is designated PCR1-1#2 and has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. “ATCC” under the accession #69517 on Dec. 7, 1993. This deposit meets the requirements of the Budapest Treaty of the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purpose of Patent Procedure and Regulations thereunder. The partial DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO:1) and derived amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:2) of the 3.2 kb DNA insert of the plasmid subclone PCR1-1#2, derived from clone λHuG-48, are shown in the Sequence Listings.

It should be noted that nucleotides #639-#714 of SEQ ID NO:1 correspond to nucleotides #27-#102 of the specifically amplified BMP-12 encoding DNA fragment set forth in SEQ ID NO:5 thus confirming that the human genomic bacteriophage clone λHuG-48 and derivative subclone PCR1-1#2 encode at least a portion of the BMP-12 protein of the invention. The nucleotide sequence of a portion of the 3.2 kb BamHI insert of the plasmid PCR1-1#2 contains an open reading frame of at least 882 base pairs, as defined by nucleotides #1-#882 of SEQ ID NO:1. This open reading frame encodes at least 294 amino acids of the human BMP-12 protein of the invention. The encoded 294 amino acid human BMP-12 protein includes the full mature human BMP-12 protein (amino acids #1-#104 of SEQ ID NO:2), as well as the C-terminal portion of the propeptide region of the primary translation product (amino acid #−190 to #−1 of SEQ ID NO:2).

Additional DNA sequence of the 3.2 kb BamHI insert of the plasmid PCR1-1#2 set forth in SEQ ID NO:33 demonstrates the presence of an 1164 bp open reading frame, as defined by nucleotides #138 through #1301 of SEQ ID NO:33. [NOTE that all the sequence disclosed in SEQ ID NO:1 is contained within SEQ ID NO:33]. As this sequence is derived from a genomic clone it is difficult to determine the boundary between the 5′ extent of coding sequence and the 3′ limit of intervening sequence (intron/non-coding sequence).

Based on the knowledge of other BMP proteins and other proteins within the TGF-β family, it is predicted that the precursor polypeptide would be cleaved at the multibasic sequence Arg-Arg-Gly-Arg (SEQ ID NO:2, residues −4 to −1) in agreement with a proposed consensus proteolytic processing sequence of Arg-X-X-Arg (SEQ ID NO:2, residues −4 to −1). Cleavage of the BMP-12 precursor polypeptide is expected to generate a 104 amino acid mature peptide beginning with the amino acid Ser at position #1 of SEQ ID NO:2. The processing of BMP-12 into the mature form is expected to involve dimerization and removal of the N-terminal region in a manner analogous to the processing of the related protein TGF-β [Gentry et al., Molec & Cell. Biol., 8:4162 (1988); Derynck et al. Nature, 316:701 (1985)].

It is contemplated therefore that the mature active species of BMP-12 comprises a homodimer of two polypeptide subunits, each subunit comprising amino acids #1 to #104 of SEQ ID NO:2 with a predicted molecular weight of approximately 12,000 daltons. Further active species are contemplated comprising at least amino acids #3 to #103 of SEQ ID NO:2, thereby including the first and last conserved cysteine residue. As with other members of the TGF-β/BMP family of proteins, the carboxy-terminal portion of the BMP-12 protein exhibits greater sequence conservation than the more amino-terminal portion. The percent amino acid identity of the human BMP-12 protein in the cysteine-rich C-terminal domain (amino acids #3-#104) to the corresponding region of human BMP proteins and other proteins within the TGF-β family is as follows: BMP-2, 55%; BMP-3, 43%; BMP-4, 53%; BMP-5, 49%; BMP-6, 49%; BMP-7, 50%; BMP-8, 57%; BMP-9, 48%; BMP-10, 57%; activin WC (BMP-11), 38%; Vg1, 46%; GDF-1, 47%; TGF-β1, 36%; TGF-β2, 36%; TGF-β3, 39%; inhibin β(B), 36%; inhibin β(A), 41%.

The human BMP-12 DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO:1), or a portion thereof, can be used as a probe to identify a human cell line or tissue which synthesizes BMP-12 mRNA. Briefly described, RNA is extracted from a selected cell or tissue source and either electrophoresed on a formaldehyde agarose gel and transferred to nitrocellulose, or reacted with formaldehyde and spotted on nitrocellulose directly. The nitrocellulose is then hybridized to a probe derived from the coding sequence of human BMP-12.

Alternatively, the human BMP-12 sequence is used to design oligonucleotide primers which will specifically amplify a portion of the BMP-12 encoding sequence located in the region between the primers utilized to perform the specific amplification reaction. It is contemplated that these human BMP-12 derived primers would allow one to specifically amplify corresponding BMP-12 encoding sequences from mRNA, cDNA or genomic DNA templates. Once a positive source has been identified by one of the above described methods, mRNA is selected by oligo (dT) cellulose chromatography and cDNA is synthesized and cloned in λgt10 or other λ bacteriophage vectors known to those skilled in the art, for example, λZAP by established techniques (Toole et al., supra). It is also possible to perform the oligonucleotide primer directed amplification reaction, described above, directly on a pre-established human cDNA or genomic library which has been cloned into a λ bacteriophage vector. In such cases, a library which yields a specifically amplified DNA product encoding a portion of the human BMP-12 protein could be screened directly, utilizing the fragment of amplified BMP-12 encoding DNA as a probe.

Oligonucleotide primers designed on the basis of the DNA sequence of the human BMP-12 genomic clone λHuG-48 are predicted to allow the specific amplification of human BMP-12 encoding DNA sequences from pre-established human cDNA libraries which are commercially available (ie. Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif. or Clontech Laboratories, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif.). The following oligonucleotide primer is designed on the basis of nucleotides #571 to #590 of the DNA sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1 and synthesized on an automated DNA synthesizer:

#4: TGCGGATCCAGCCGCTGCAGCCGCAAGCC (SEQ ID NO:21)

The first nine nucleotides of primer #4 (underlined) comprise the recognition sequence for the restriction endonuclease BamHI which can be used to facilitate the manipulation of a specifically amplified DNA sequence encoding the human BMP-12 protein of the invention and are thus not derived from the DNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO:1.

The following oligonucleotide primer is designed on the basis of nucleotides #866-#885 of the DNA sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1 and synthesized on an automated DNA synthesizer:

#5 GACTCTAGACTACCTGCAGCCGCAGGCCT (SEQ ID NO:22)

The first nine nucleotides of primer #5 (underlined) comprise the recognition sequence for the restriction endonuclease XbaI which can be used to facilitate the manipulation of a specifically amplified DNA sequence encoding the human BMP-12 protein of the invention and are thus not derived from the DNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO:1.

The standard nucleotide symbols in the above identified primers are as follows: A, adenine; C, cytosine; G, guanine; T, thymine.

Primers #4 and #5 identified above are utilized as primers to allow the amplification of a specific BMP-12 encoding nucleotide sequence from pre-established cDNA libraries which may include the following: human fetal brain cDNA/λZAPII (Stratagene catalog #936206), human liver/λUNI-ZAP XR (Stratagene Catalog #937200), human lung/λUNI-ZAP XR (Stratagene catalog #937206), and human fetal spleen/UNI-ZAP XR (Stratagene catalog #937205).

Approximately 1×10⁸ pfu (plaque forming units) of λbacteriophage libraries containing human cDNA inserts such as those detailed above are denatured at 95° C. for five minutes prior to addition to a reaction mixture containing 200 μM each deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dATP, dGTP, dCTP and dTTP) 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl₂, 0.001% gelatin, 1.25 units Taq DNA polymerase, 100 pM oligonucleotide primer #4 and 100 pM oligonucleotide primer #5. The reaction mixture is then subjected to thermal cycling in the following manner: 1 minute at 94° C., 1 minute at 50° C., 1 minute at 72° C. for thirty-nine cycles followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.

The DNA which is specifically amplified by this reaction would be expected to generate a BMP-12 encoding product of approximately 333 base pairs, the internal 315 bp of which correspond to nucleotides #571 to #885 of SEQ ID NO:1 and also including 9 bp at each end of the BMP-12 specific fragment which correspond to the restriction sites defined by nucleotides #1-#9 of primers #4 and #5. The resulting 333 bp DNA product is digested with the restriction endonucleases BamHI and XbaI, phenol extracted, chloroform extracted and ethanol precipitated.

Alternatively, to ethanol precipitation, buffer exchange and removal of small fragments of DNA resulting from the BamHI/XbaI restriction digest is accomplished by dilution of the digested DNA product in 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA followed by centrifugation through a Centricon™ 30 microconcentrator (W. R. Grace & Co., Beverly, Mass.; Product #4209). The resulting BamHI/XbaI digested amplified DNA product is subcloned into a plasmid vector (ie. pBluescript, pGEM-3 etc.) between the BamHI and XbaI sites of the polylinker region. DNA sequence analysis of the resulting subclones would be required to confirm the integrity of the BMP-12 encoding insert. Once a positive cDNA source has been identified in this manner, the corresponding cDNA library from which a 333 bp BMP-12 specific sequence was amplified could be screened directly with the 333 bp insert or other BMP-12 specific probes in order to identify and isolate cDNA clones encoding the full-length BMP-12 protein of the invention.

Additional methods known to those skilled in the art may be used to isolate other full-length cDNAs encoding human BMP-12 related proteins, or full length cDNA clones encoding BMP-12 related proteins of the invention from species other than humans, particularly other mammalian species.

The following examples demonstrate the use of the human BMP-12 sequence to isolate homologues from BMP-12 related proteins in a murine genomic DNA library.

The DNA sequence which encodes the human BMP-12 protein of the invention is predicted to be significantly homologous to BMP-12 and BMP-12 related sequences from species other than humans that it could be utilized to specifically amplify DNA sequences from those other species which would encode the corresponding BMP-12 related proteins. Specifically, the following oligonucleotides are designed on the basis of the human BMP-12 sequence (SEQ ID NO:1) and are synthesized on an automated DNA synthesizer:

#6: GCGGATCCAAGGAGCTCGGCTGGGACGA (SEQ ID NO:23) #7: GGAATTCCCCACCACCATGTCCTCGTAT (SEQ ID NO:24)

The first eight nucleotides of oligonucleotide primers #6 and #7 (underlined) comprise the recognition sequence for the restriction endonucleases BamHI and EcoRI, respectively. These sequences are utilized to facilitate the manipulation of a specifically amplified DNA sequence encoding a BMP-12 or BMP-12 related protein from a species other than human and are thus not derived from the DNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO:1. Oligonucleotide primer #6 is designed on the basis of nucleotides #607-#626 of SEQ ID NO:1 Oligonucleotide primer #7 is designed on the basis of the reverse compliment of nucleotides #846-#865 of the DNA sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1.

Oligonucleotide primers #6 and #7 identified above are utilized as primers to allow the amplification of specific BMP-12 related sequences from genomic DNA derived from species other than humans. The amplification reaction is performed as follows:

Murine genomic DNA (source: strain Balb c) is sheared by repeated passage through a 25 gauge needle, denatured at 100° C. for five minutes and then chilled on ice before adding to a reaction mixture containing 200 μM each deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dATP, DGTP, dCTP and dTTP) 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl₂, 0.001% gelatin, 1.25 units Taq DNA polymerase, 100 pM oligonucleotide primer #6 and 100 pM oligonucleotide primer #7. The reaction mixture is then subjected to thermal cycling in the following manner: 1 minute at 95° C., 1 minute at 55° C., 1 minute at 72° C. for forty cycles followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.

The DNA which is specifically amplified by this reaction is ethanol precipitated, digested with the restriction endonucleases BamHI and EcoRI and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. A region of the gel, corresponding to the predicted size of the murine BMP-12 or BMP-12 related encoding DNA fragment, is excised and the specifically amplified DNA fragments contained therein are extracted (by electroelution or by other methods known to those skilled in the art) and subcloned in to a plasmid vector, such as pGEM-3 or pBluescript between the BamHI and EcoRI sites of the polylinker. DNA sequence analysis of one of the resulting subclones named mV1, indicates that the specifically amplified DNA sequence contained therein encodes a portion of a protein which appears to be the murine homolog to either the BMP-12 or VL-1 sequence of the invention. The DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO:10) and derived amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:1) of this specifically amplified murine DNA fragment are shown in the sequence listings.

Nucleotides #1-#26 of SEQ ID NO:10 comprise a portion of oligonucleotide #6 and nucleotides #246-#272 comprise a portion of the reverse compliment of oligonucleotide #7 utilized to perform the specific amplification reaction. Nucleotide #27 of SEQ ID NO:10 appears to be the last nucleotide of a codon triplet, and nucleotides #244-#245 of SEQ ID NO:10 appear to be the first two nucleotides of a codon triplet. Therefore, nucleotides #28 to #243 of SEQ ID NO:10 correspond to a partial coding sequence of mV1. Due to the function of oligonucleotides #6 and #7 in initiating the amplification reaction, they may not correspond exactly to the actual sequence encoding the murine homolog to the human BMP-12 or VL-1 protein of the invention and are therefore not translated in the corresponding amino acid sequence derivation (SEQ ID NO:11).

Oligonucleotide probes designed on the basis of the specifically amplified murine BMP-12 or VL-1 DNA sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:10 can be utilized by those skilled in the art to identify full-length murine BMP-12 or VL-1 encoding clones (either cDNA or genomic).

DNA sequence analysis of another of the resulting subclones named mV2, indicates that the specifically amplified DNA sequence contained therein encodes a portion of a murine BMP-12 related sequence of the invention. The DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO:12) and derived amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:13) of this specifically amplified murine DNA fragment are shown in the sequence listings.

Nucleotides #1-#26 of SEQ ID NO:12 comprise a portion of oligonucleotide #6 and nucleotides #246-#272 comprise a portion of the reverse compliment of oligonucleotide #7 utilized to perform the specific amplification reaction. Nucleotide #27 of SEQ ID NO:12 appears to be the last nucleotide of a codon triplet, and nucleotides #244-#245 of SEQ ID NO:12 appear to be the first two nucleotides of a codon triplet. Therefore, nucleotides #28 to #243 of SEQ ID NO:12 correspond to a partial coding sequence of mV2. Due to the function of oligonucleotides #6 and #7 in initiating the amplification reaction, they may not correspond exactly to the actual sequence encoding the murine BMP-12 related protein of the invention and are therefore not translated in the corresponding amino acid sequence derivation. (SEQ ID NO:13).

Oligonucleotide probes designed on the basis of the specifically amplified murine BMP-12 related DNA sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:12 can be utilized by those skilled in the art to identify full-length murine BMP-12 related encoding clones (either cDNA or genomic).

DNA sequence analysis of another of the resulting subclones named mV9, indicates that the specifically amplified DNA sequence contained therein encodes a portion of a murine BMP-12 related sequence of the invention. This sequence appears to be the murine homolog to the human MP52 DNA sequence described at SEQ ID NO:3. The DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO:14) and derived amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:15) of this specifically amplified murine DNA fragment are shown in the sequence listings.

Nucleotides #1-#26 of SEQ ID NO:14 comprise a portion of oligonucleotide #6 and nucleotides #246-#272 comprise a portion of the reverse compliment of oligonucleotide #7 utilized to perform-the specific amplification reaction. Nucleotide #27 of SEQ ID NO:14 appears to be the last nucleotide of a codon triplet, and nucleotides #244-#245 of SEQ ID NO:14 appear to be the first two nucleotides of a codon triplet. Therefore, nucleotides #28 to #243 of SEQ ID NO:14 correspond to a partial coding sequence of mV9. Due to the function of oligonucleotides #6 and #7 in initiating the amplification reaction, they may not correspond exactly to the actual sequence encoding the murine BMP-12 related protein of the invention and are therefore not translated in the corresponding amino acid sequence derivation (SEQ ID NO:15).

Oligonucleotide probes designed on the basis of the specifically amplified murine BMP-12 related DNA sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:14 can be utilized by those skilled in the art to identify full-length murine BMP-12 related encoding clones (either cDNA or genomic).

Alternatively, oligonucleotide primers #6 and #7 identified above are utilized as primers to allow the specific amplification of a 275 base pair DNA probe, the internal 259 bp of which correspond to nucleotides #607 to #865 of SEQ ID NO:1, from the BMP-12 encoding plasmid subclone PCR1-1#2. This 275 bp DNA probe was radioactively labelled with ³²P and employed to screen a murine genomic library constructed in the vector λ FIX II (Stratagene catalog #946306). 1 million recombinants of the murine genomic library are plated at a density of approximately 20,000 recombinants per plate on 50 plates. Duplicate nitrocellulose replicas of the recombinant bacteriophage plaques are hybridized, under reduced stringency conditions, to the specifically amplified 333 bp probe in standard hybridization buffer (SHB=5×SSC, 0.1% SDS, 5×Denhardt's, 100 μg/ml salmon sperm DNA) at 60° C. overnight. The following day the radioactively labelled oligonucleotide containing hybridization solution is removed an the filters are washed, under reduced stringency conditions, with 2×SSC, 0.1% SDS at 60° C. Multiple positively hybridizing recombinants are identified and plaque purified. Fragments of the positively hybridizing murine genomic recombinant clones are subcloned into standard plasmid vectors (i.e. pGEM-3) and subjected to DNA sequence analysis.

DNA sequence analysis of one of these subclones named MVR3 indicates that it encodes a portion of the mouse gene corresponding to the PCR product mV1 (murine homolog of the human BMP-12 sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1) described above. The partial DNA sequence of this subclone and corresponding amino acid translation are set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29 and SEQ ID NO:30 respectively.

DNA sequence analysis of another one of these subclones named MVR32 indicates that it encodes a portion of the mouse gene corresponding to the PCR product mV2 (murine homolog of the human VL-1 sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:7) described above. The partial DNA sequence of this subclone and corresponding amino acid translation are set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO:32 respectively.

DNA sequence analysis of another of these subclones named MVR23 indicates that it encodes a portion of the mouse gene corresponding to the PCR product mV9 (murine homolog of the MP-52 sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:3) described above.

In a similar manner to that which is described above for identifying and isolating human genomic clones encoding the BMP-12 protein of the invention, oligonucleotide probe(s) corresponding to the VL-1 encoding sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:7 can be designed and utilized to identify human genomic or cDNA sequences encoding the VL-1 (BMP-13) protein. These oligonucleotides would be designed to regions specific for VL-1 encoding sequences and would therefore be likely to be derived from regions of the lowest degree of nucleotide sequence identity between the specifically amplified VL-1 encoding sequence (SEQ ID NO:7) and the specifically amplified BMP-12 encoding sequence (SEQ ID NO:5).

Alternatively, oligonucleotide primers #4 and #5 identified above are utilized as primers to allow the specific amplification of a 333 base pair DNA probe, the internal 315 bp of which correspond to nucleotides #571 to #885 of SEQ ID NO:1, from the BMP-12 encoding plasmid subclone PCR1-1#2. This 333 bp DNA probe was radioactively labelled with ³²P and employed to screen a human genomic library constructed in the vector λDASH II (Stratagene catalog #945203). 1 million recombinants of the human genomic library are plated at a density of approximately 20,000 recombinants per plate on 50 plates. Duplicate nitrocellulose replicas of the recombinant bacteriophage plaques are hybridized, under reduced stringency conditions, to the specifically amplified 333 bp probe in standard hybridization buffer (SHB=5×SSC, 0.1% SDS, 5×Denhardt's, 100 μg/ml salmon sperm DNA) at 60° C. overnight. The following day the radioactively labelled oligonucleotide containing hybridization solution is removed an the filters are washed, under reduced stringency conditions, with 2×SSC, 0.1% SDS at 60° C. Multiple (approximately 15) positively hybridizing recombinants are identified and plaque purified.

In order to distinguish positively hybridizing recombinants encoding the VL-1 protein of the invention from BMP-12 and other BMP-12-related encoding recombinants which would be predicted to hybridize positively to the 333 bp DNA probe generated from the BMP-12 encoding plasmid PCR1-1#2 utilized in this screening procedure, the following oligonucleotide probe, based on the VL-1 sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:7, is designed and synthesized on an automated DNA synthesizer:

#8: TGTATGCGACTTCCCGC [SEQUENCE ID NO: 35]

An oligonucleotide corresponding to nucleotides #60 to #76 of SEQ ID NO:7 which contains 5 nucleotide differences to the corresponding region of the BMP-12 encoding sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1 (nucleotides #672 to #689) One of the recombinant bacteriophage clones which hybridizes to the VL-1 oligonucleotide probe #8 is designated λJLDc31. This recombinant bacteriophage clone is plaque purified, a bacteriophage plate stock is made and bacteriophage DNA is isolated from the λJLDc31 human genomic clone. The bacteriophage λJLDc31 has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. “ATCC” under the accession #75922 on Oct. 20, 1994. This deposit meets the requirements of the Budapest Treaty of the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purpose of Patent Procedure and Regulations thereunder. The oligonucleotide hybridizing region of this recombinant, λJLDc31, is localized to a 2.5 kb Eco RI fragment. This fragment is subcloned into a plasmid vector (pGEM-3) and DNA sequence analysis is performed. This plasmid subclone is designated pGEMJLDc31/2.5 and has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. “ATCC” under the accession #69710 on Oct. 20, 1994. This deposit meets the requirements of the Budapest Treaty of the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purpose of Patent Procedure and Regulations thereunder.

The partial DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO:25) and derived amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:26) of a portion of the 2.5 kb DNA insert of the plasmid subclone pGEMJLDc31/2.5, derived from clone λJLDc31, are shown in the Sequence Listings.

The DNA sequence of a portion of the 2.5 kb EcoRI insert of the plasmid pGEMJLDc31/2.5 is set forth in SEQ ID NO:25, contains an 912 bp open reading frame, as defined by nucleotides #52 through #963 of SEQ ID NO:25. As this sequence is derived from a genomic clone it is difficult to determine the boundary between the 5′ extent of coding sequence and the 3′ limit of intervening sequence (intron/non-coding sequence). The entire open reading frame (nucleotides #52 through #963 of SEQ ID NO:25) encodes a portion of the VL-1 protein of the invention of up to 304 amino acids.

Based on the knowledge of other BMP proteins and other proteins within the TGF-β family, it is predicted that the precursor polypeptide would be cleaved at the multibasic sequence Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg (SEQ ID NO:26, residues −4 to −1) in agreement with a proposed consensus proteolytic processing sequence of Arg-X-X-Arg (SEQ ID NO:26, residues −4 to −1). Cleavage of the VL-1 precursor polypeptide is expected to generate a 120 amino acid mature peptide beginning with the amino acid Thr at position #1 of SEQ ID NO:26. The processing of VL-1 into the mature form is expected to involve dimerization and removal of the N-terminal region in a manner analogous to the processing of the related protein TGF-β [Gentry et al., Molec & Cell. Biol., 8:4162 (1988); Derynck et al. Nature, 316:701 (1985)].

It is contemplated therefore that the mature active species of VL-1 comprises a homodimer of two polypeptide subunits, each subunit comprising amino acids #1 to #120 of SEQ ID NO:26 with a predicted molecular weight of approximately 12,000 daltons. Further active species are contemplated comprising at least amino acids #19 to #119 or #120 of SEQ ID NO:26, thereby including the first and last conserved cysteine residue.

Using such a method, a clone encoding the mature human VL-1 (BMP-13) was obtained. The nucleotide sequence and corresponding amino acid sequence encoded by this clone are listed in the Sequence Listings at SEQ ID NO: 25 and 26, respectively.

EXAMPLE 2

Expression of BMP-12

In order to produce human BMP-12 proteins, the DNA encoding it is transferred into an appropriate expression vector and introduced into mammalian cells or other preferred eukaryotic or prokaryotic hosts by conventional genetic engineering techniques.

In order to produce the human BMP-12 protein in bacterial cells, the following procedure is employed.

Expression of BMP-12 in E. coli

An expression plasmid pALV1-781, for production of BMP-12 in E. coli was constructed which contains the following principal features. Nucleotides 1-2060 contain DNA sequences originating from the plasmid pUC-18 [Norrander et al., Gene 26:101-106 (1983)] including sequences containing the gene for β-lactamase which confers resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin in host E. coli strains, and a colE1-derived origin of replication. Nucleotides 2061-2221 contain DNA sequences for the major leftward promotor (pL) of bacteriophage λ [Sanger et al., J. Mol. Biol. 162:729-773 (1982)], including three operator sequences 0_(L)1, 0_(L)2 and 0_(L)3. The operators are the binding sites for λcI repressor protein, intracellular levels of which control the amount of transcription initiation from pL. Nucleotides 2222-2723 contain a strong ribosome binding sequence included on a sequence derived from nucleotides 35566 to 35472 and 38137 to 38361 from bacteriophage lambda as described in Sanger et al., J. Mol. Biol. 162:729-773 (1982). Nucleotides 2724-3041 contain a DNA sequence encoding mature BMP-12 protein with all 3′ untranslated sequence removed. The BMP-12 DNA sequences introduced into the pALV1-781 expression vector were modified at the 5′ end to raise the A+T content without altering the coding capacity. These changes were made to increase the efficiency of translation initiated on the BMP-12 mRNA in E. coli. Nucleotides 3042-3058 provide a “Linker” DNA sequence containing restriction endonuclease sites. Nucleotides 3059-3127 provide a transcription termination sequence based on that of the E. coli asp A gene [Takagi et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 13:2063-2074 (1985)]. Nucleotides 3128-3532 are DNA sequences derived from pUC-18.

Plasmid pALV1-781 was transformed into the E. coli host strain GI724 (F, lacI^(q), lacp^(L8), ampC::λcI⁺) by the procedure of Dagert and Ehrlich, Gene 6:23 (1979). GI724 (ATCC accession No. 55151) contains a copy of the wild-type λcI repressor gene stably integrated into the chromosome at the ampC locus, where it has been placed under the transcriptional control of Salmonella typhimurium trp promotor/operator sequences. In G1724, λCI protein is made only during growth in tryptophan-free media, such as minimal media or a minimal medium supplemented with casamino acids such as IMC, described above. Addition of tryptophan to a culture of GI724 will repress the trp promoter and turn off synthesis of λcI, gradually causing the induction of transcription from pL promoters if they are present in the cell.

Transformants were selected on 1.5% w/v agar plates containing IMC medium, which is composed of M9 medium [Miller, “Experiments in Molecular Genetics,” Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York (1972)] containing 1 mM MgSO₄ and supplemented with 0.5% w/v glucose, 0.2% w/v casamino acids and 100 μg/ml ampicillin. GI724 transformed with pALV1-781 was grown at 37° C. to an A₅₅₀ of 0.5 in IMC medium containing 100 μg/ml ampicillin. Tryptophan was then added to a final concentration of 100 μg/ml and the culture incubated for a further 4 hours. During this time BMP-12 protein accumulates within the “inclusion body” fraction.

Preparation of Protein Monomer

18 g of frozen cells were weighed out and resuspended in 60 ml of 100 mM Tris, 10 mM EDTA, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride [PMSF], pH 8.3. Cells were lysed by 3 passes through a Microfluidizer™ [model #MCF 100 T]. The inclusion body pellet was obtained by centrifugation at 15,000 g at 4° C. for 20 minutes. The supernatant was decanted, and the pellet was washed with 100 ml of 100 mM Tris, 1.0 M NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, 1 mM PMSF, pH 8.3. The suspension was centrifuged again at 15,000 g at 4° C. for 10 minutes, and the supernatant decanted. The pellet was then washed with 100 ml of 100 mM Tris, 10 mM EDTA. 1% Triton X-100, 1 mM PMSF, pH 8.3. The suspension was centrifuged again at 15,000 g at 4° C. for 10 minutes, and the supernatant decanted. The pellet was resuspended with 50 ml of 20 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM PMSF, pH 8.3, containing 1% DTT in a glass tissue homogenizer. Monomeric BMP-12 was then solubilized by acidification to pH 2.5 with glacial acetic acid. The soluble fraction was isolated by centrifugation at 15,000 g for 20 minutes at 4° C.

The supernatant from this centrifugation was collected and chromatographed over a Sephacryl S-100™ size exclusion column (83 cm×2.6 cm; ≈440 ml bed) in 20 ml increments. The Sephacryl S-100™ column was run with a mobile phase of 1% acetic acid at a flow rate of 1.4 ml/min. Fractions corresponding to BMP-12 monomer were detected by absorbance at 280 nm, and using a computer calculated extinction coefficient of 18200M⁻¹cm⁻¹ and molecular weight (11667 daltons). This size exclusion column pooled material was used as starting material for refolding reactions.

As an alternative to the above, 1.0 g of cells stored at −80° C. are measured. Solution (3.4 ml 100 mM TRIS, 10 mM EDTA, pH 8.5) is added. The solution is vortexed until cells are well suspended. 40 μl 100 mM PMSF in isopropanol is added. The cells are lysed at 1000 psi in a French pressure cell. The inclusion bodies are centrifuged at 4° C. for 20 minutes in an Eppendorf microfuge to form pellets. The supernatants are decanted. To one pellet (out of 4 total) 1.0 ml degassed 8.0 M guanidine hydrochloride, 0.5 M TRIS, 5 mM EDTA, pH 8.5, containing 250 mM DTT is added. The pellet is dissolved and argon is blown over the liquid for 30 seconds. Next the solution is incubated at 37° C. for one hour. Insoluble material is pelleted for 2-3 minutes in an Eppendorf microfuge at 23° C. 0.5-1.0 ml of supernatant is injected onto a Supelco 2 cm guard cartridge (LC-304), and eluted with an acetonitrile gradient in 0.1% TFA from 1-70% over 35 minutes. BMP-12 elutes between 29 and 31 minutes. Fractions are pooled and the protein concentration determined by adsorbance at 280 nanometers versus 0.1% TFA, using the theoretical extinction coefficient based upon the amino acid content.

As a second alternate method to the above, frozen cell pellets obtained from the E. coli transformants as described above are thawed in 30 ml of TE8.3(100:10) buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 10 mM Na₂EDTA, 1 mM PMSF). Cells are lysed by three passes through a Microfluidizer™ [model #MCF 100 T]. The initial inclusion body material pellet is dissolved in 8 M guanidine-HCl, TE8.5(100:10) buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.5, 10 mM Na₂EDTA which contained 100 mM DTT, and incubated at 37° C. for 1 hour. This material is centrifuged at 12,000×g for 15 minutes at room temperature.

Refolding of BMP-12 Protein Using CHAPS System

A sufficient volume of the BMP-12 pool is lyophilized to give 10 μg of protein. 5 μl of glass distilled water is added to redissolve the residue, then 100 μl of refold mix (50 mM Tris, 1.0 M NaCl, 2% 3-(3-chlolamido-propyl)dimethylammonio-1-propane-sulfate (CHAPS), 5 mM EDTA, 2 mM glutathione (reduced) 1 mM glutathione (oxidized); at pH of approximately 8.5). The solution is gently mixed and stored at 23° C. for 14 days. Dimer formation is assessed by running an aliquot on a Novex 16% tricine gel at 125 volts for 2.5 hours, followed by Coomassie Blue staining and destaining.

BMP-12 dimer was purified using a C4 analytical RP-HPLC (reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography) column (Vydac 214TP54) which was equilibrated to 1% B buffer (diluted into A buffer) and was run over 35 minutes. during which the protein elutes, using the following gradient (A buffer=0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, B buffer=95% acetonitrile, 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid [TFA]), with a flow rate of 1 ml/min:

1-5 minutes 20% B buffer  5-10 minutes 20-30% B buffer 10-30 minutes 30-50% B buffer 30-35 minutes 50-100% B buffer

Protein was monitored by absorbance at 280 nm. Peak BMP-12 fractions (eluting between 29 and 31 minutes) were pooled. Purity was assessed by SDS-PAGE. The concentration was determined by absorbance at 280 nm, and using the computer calculated extinction coefficient and molecular weight as indicated above.

Expression of BMP-12 in Mammalian Cells

Another contemplated preferred expression system for biologically active recombinant human BMP-12 is stably transformed mammalian cells.

One skilled in the art can construct mammalian expression vectors by employing the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, or other DNA sequences encoding BMP-12 proteins or other modified sequences and known vectors, such as pCD [Okayama et al., Mol. Cell Biol., 2:161-170 (1982)], pJL3, pJL4 [Gough et al., EMBO J., 4:645-653 (1985)] and pMT2 CXM.

The mammalian expression vector pMT2 CXM is a derivative of p91023(b) (Wong et al., Science 228:810-815, 1985) differing from the latter in that it contains the ampicillin resistance gene in place of the tetracycline resistance gene and further contains a XhoI site for insertion of cDNA clones. The functional elements of pMT2 CXM have been described (Kaufman, R. J., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:689-693) and include the adenovirus VA genes, the SV40 origin of replication including the 72 bp enhancer, the adenovirus major late promoter including a 5′ splice site and the majority of the adenovirus tripartite leader sequence present on adenovirus late mRNAs, a 3′ splice acceptor site, a DHFR insert, the SV40 early polyadenylation site (SV40), and pBR322 sequences needed for propagation in E. coli.

Plasmid pMT2 CXM is obtained by EcoRI digestion of pMT2-VWF, which has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Rockville, Md. (USA) under accession number ATCC 67122. EcoRI digestion excises the cDNA insert present in pMT2-VWF, yielding pMT2 in linear form which can be ligated and used to transform E. coli HB 101 or DH-5 to ampicillin resistance. Plasmid pMT2 DNA can be prepared by conventional methods. pMT2 CXM is then constructed using loopout/in mutagenesis [Morinaga, et al., Biotechnology 84: 636 (1984). This removes bases 1075 to 1145 relative to the Hind III site near the SV40 origin of replication and enhancer sequences of pMT2. In addition it inserts a sequence containing the recognition site for the restriction endonuclease Xho I. A derivative of pMT2CXM, termed pMT23, contains recognition sites for the restriction endonucleases PstI, Eco RI, SalI and XhoI. Plasmid pMT2 CXM and pMT23 DNA may be prepared by conventional methods.

pEMC2β1 derived from pMT21 may also be suitable in practice of the invention. pMT21 is derived from pMT2 which is derived from pMT2-VWF. As described above EcoRI digestion excises the cDNA insert present in pMT-VWF, yielding pMT2 in linear form which can be ligated and used to transform E. coli HB 101 or DH-5 to ampicillin resistance. Plasmid pMT2 DNA can be prepared by conventional methods.

pMT21 is derived from pMT2 through the following two modifications. First, 76 bp of the 5′ untranslated region of the DHFR cDNA including a stretch of 19 G residues from G/C tailing for cDNA cloning is deleted. In this process, a XhoI site is inserted to obtain the following sequence immediately upstream from DHFR. Second, a unique ClaI site is introduced by digestion with EcoRV and XbaI, treatment with Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I, and ligation to a ClaI linker (CATCGATG). This deletes a 250 bp segment from the adenovirus associated RNA (VAI) region but does not interfere with VAI RNA gene expression or function. pMT21 is digested with EcoRI and XhoI, and used to derive the vector pEMC2B1.

A portion of the EMCV leader is obtained from pMT2-ECAT1 [S. K. Jung, et al, J. Virol 63:1651-1660 (1989)] by digestion with Eco RI and PstI, resulting in a 2752 bp fragment. This fragment is digested with TaqI yielding an Eco RI-TaqI fragment of 508 bp which is purified by electrophoresis on low melting agarose gel. A 68 bp adapter and its complementary strand are synthesized with a 5′ TaqI protruding end and a 3′ XhoI protruding end which has a sequence which matches the EMC virus leader sequence from nucleotide 763 to 827. It also changes the ATG at position 10 within the EMC virus leader to an ATT and is followed by a XhoI site. A three way ligation of the pMT21 Eco RI-XhoI fragment, the EMC virus EcoRI-TaqI fragment, and the 68 bp oligonucleotide adapter TaqI-XhoI adapter resulting in the vector pEMC2β1.

This vector contains the SV40 origin of replication and enhancer, the adenovirus major late promoter, a cDNA copy of the majority of the adenovirus tripartite leader sequence, a small hybrid intervening sequence, an SV40 polyadenylation signal and the adenovirus VA I gene, DHFR and β-lactamase markers and an EMC sequence, in appropriate relationships to direct the high level expression of the desired cDNA in mammalian cells.

The construction of vectors may involve modification of the BMP-12 DNA sequences. For instance, BMP-12 cDNA can be modified by removing the non-coding nucleotides on the 5′ and 3′ ends of the coding region. The deleted non-coding nucleotides may or may not be replaced by other sequences known to be beneficial for expression. These vectors are transformed into appropriate host cells for expression of BMP-12 proteins. Additionally, the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or other sequences encoding BMP-12 proteins can be manipulated to express BMP-12 protein by isolating the mature-coding sequence-of nucleotides 571 to 882 of SEQ ID NO:1 and adding at the 5′ end sequences encoding the complete propeptides of other BMP proteins.

For example, one skilled in the art can make a fusion protein in which the propeptide of BMP-2 is linked in operable fashion to the mature BMP-12 peptide by preparing a DNA vector in which the DNA sequence encoding the BMP-2 propeptide is linked in proper reading frame to the DNA sequence encoding the mature BMP-12 peptide. The DNA sequence of such a fusion protein is shown in SEQUENCE ID NO:27.

One skilled in the art can manipulate the sequences of SEQ ID NO:1 by eliminating or replacing the mammalian regulatory sequences flanking the coding sequence with bacterial sequences to create bacterial vectors for intracellular or extracellular expression by bacterial cells, as described above. As another example, the coding sequences could be further manipulated (e.g. ligated to other known linkers or modified by deleting non-coding sequences therefrom or altering nucleotides therein by other known techniques). The modified BMP-12 coding sequence could then be inserted into a known bacterial vector using procedures such as described in T. Taniguchi et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 77:5230-5,233 (1980). This exemplary bacterial vector could then be transformed into bacterial host cells and a BMP-12 protein expressed thereby. For a strategy for producing extracellular expression of BMP-12 proteins in bacterial cells, see, e.g. European patent application EPA 177,343.

Similar manipulations can be performed for the construction of an insect vector [See, e.g. procedures described in published European patent application 155,476] for expression in insect cells. A yeast vector could also be constructed employing yeast regulatory sequences for intracellular or extracellular expression of the factors of the present invention by yeast cells. [See, e.g., procedures described in published PCT application WO86/00639 and European patent application EPA 123,289].

A method for producing high levels of a BMP-12 protein of the invention in mammalian cells may involve the construction of cells containing multiple copies of the heterologous BMP-12 gene. The heterologous gene is linked to an amplifiable marker, e.g. the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene for which cells containing increased gene copies can be selected for propagation in increasing concentrations of methotrexate (MTX) according to the procedures of Kaufman and Sharp, J. Mol. Biol., 159:601-629 (1982). This approach can be employed with a number of different cell types.

For example, a plasmid containing a DNA sequence for a BMP-12 of the invention in operative association with other plasmid sequences enabling expression thereof and the DHFR expression plasmid pAdA26SV(A)3 [Kaufman and Sharp, Mol. Cell. Biol., 2:1304 (1982)] can be co-introduced into DHFR-deficient CHO cells, DUKX-BII, by various methods including calcium phosphate coprecipitation and transfection, electroporation or protoplast fusion. DHFR expressing transformants are selected for growth in alpha media with dialyzed fetal calf serum, and subsequently selected for amplification by growth in increasing concentrations of MTX (e.g. sequential steps in 0.02, 0.2, 1.0 and 5 uM MTX) as described in Kaufman et al., Mol Cell Biol., 5:1750 (1983). Transformants are cloned, and biologically active BMP-12 expression is monitored by the Rosen-modified Sampath-Reddi rat assay described below in Example 5. BMP-12 expression should increase with increasing levels of MTX resistance. BMP-12 polypeptides are characterized using standard techniques known in the art such as pulse labeling with [35S] methionine or cysteine and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Similar procedures can be followed to produce other related BMP-12 proteins.

EXAMPLE 3

Preparation of BMP-2 Propeptide/BMP-12 Mature Peptide Fusion

In order to construct a vector encoding the BMP-2 propeptide/BMP-12 mature peptide fusion, the following cloning procedure was used to fuse the two sequences together.

First, a DNA restriction enzyme fragment comprising the propeptide of human BMP-2 protein, comprising nucleotides 1 through 843 of SEQ ID NO:27 is cut from pBMP2ΔEMC. pBMP2ΔEMC is a plasmid derived from lambda U20S-39 (ATCC #40345) comprising the entire coding sequence for human BMP-2 protein with the non-translated 5′ and 3′ sequences of BMP-2 deleted from the vector. The 5′ restriction enzyme used was Bgl II and it cuts pBMP2ΔEMC in the vector at nucleotide 979. The 3′ restriction enzyme used was Mae II and it cuts pBMP2ΔEMC in the BMP-2 propeptide at nucleotide 1925, just short of the carboxy terminus. The resulting 954 base pair product was then gel isolated and gene cleaned. Second, a DNA restriction enzyme fragment comprising the 5′ portion of the human BMP-12 mature peptide DNA sequence, is cut from pPCR1-1#2 V1-1 (ATCC #69517). The 5′ restriction enzyme used was Eae I and it cuts pPCR1-1#2 V1-1 just 3′ of N-terminus of the human BMP-12 mature peptide sequence. The resulting 259 base pair product was gel isolated and gene cleaned. Third, two DNA oligos were designed and synthesized, so that when annealed would form a tiny DNA fragment comprising fusion sequence of the extreme 3′ end of the human BMP-2 propeptide and the 5′ end of BMP-12 mature peptide. The DNA fragment has a 5′ Mae II complimentary sticky end which anneals to the 3′ restriction enzyme fragment comprising the human BMP-2 propeptide. The annealed oligo DNA fragment has a 3′ Eae I complimentary sticky end which anneals to the 5′ of the restriction enzyme fragment comprising the mature peptide of human BMP-12. The coding strand oligo is named B2/12 and is 13 base pairs long. Next, a DNA fragment encoding the 123 base pairs at the 3′ end of the BMP-12 mature peptide fragment was obtained as follows. First, a DNA fragment comprising the propeptide of human BMP-2 protein, comprising nucleotides 1 through 846 is PCR amplified from pBMP2ΔEMC. The 5′ primer (oligo 655a) anneals just 5′ of the polylinker. The 3′ primer (BMPpro3) anneals to the BMP-2 propeptide 3′ end and introduces a Bgl II restriction enzyme site by silent sequence mutations. The resulting PCR product was cut with Sal I, which cleaves in the polylinker, and Bgl II. The 850 base pair restriction enzyme fragment (ending in amino acid sequence REKR) was gel isolated and gene cleaned. The BMP-12 mature peptide was PCR amplified using a 5′ primer (oligo 5-1) encoding the Bgl II restriction enzyme site by silent sequence mutations, and annealing to the 5′ end of a possible mature cleavage product, beginning with amino acid sequence SRCS. The 3′ primer (V1-1 3) anneals to the BMP-12 mature peptide 3′ end and introduces a Xba I restriction enzyme site after the stop codon. The resulting PCR product was cut with Bgl II and Xba I. The 321 base pair restriction enzyme-fragment was gel isolated and gene cleaned.

The two restriction fragments were three-way ligated into a previously SalI and XbaI cut vector. The resultant construct was sequenced to check for PCR induced errors and a silent C to T mutation was observed at base pair 185 in the propeptide. This plasmid was designated pREKRSRC. Then pREKRSRC was cut with BglII and NgoMI, and the vector fragment encompassing the last 123 base pairs of the BMP12 mature sequence was thereby isolated. The three restriction fragments and the annealed oligolinker were four-way ligated to yield pREKR-TAL with the BMP-2 propeptide with the mature cleavage site at the 3′ end fused to the (TAL) 5′ end of the BMP-12 mature peptide. The coding sequence of the resulting ligated vector is shown in SEQ ID NO:27.

EXAMPLE 4

Biological Activity of Expressed BMP-12

To measure the biological activity of the expressed BMP-12 proteins obtained in Example 2 above, the proteins are recovered from the cell culture and purified by isolating the BMP-12 proteins from other proteinaceous materials with which they are co-produced as well as from other contaminants. The purified protein may be assayed in accordance with the rat assay described below in Example 5.

Purification is carried out using standard techniques known to those skilled in the art.

Protein analysis is conducted using standard techniques such as SDS-PAGE acrylamide [Laemmli, Nature 227:680 (1970)] stained with Coomassie Blue or silver [Oakley, et al. Anal. Biochem. 105:361 (1980)] and by immunoblot [Towbin, et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:4350 (1979)].

EXAMPLE 5

Rosen Modified Sampath-Reddi Assay

A modified version of the rat ectopic implant assay described in Sampath and Reddi, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80:6591-6595 (1983) is used to evaluate the activity of the BMP-12 proteins. This modified assay is herein called the Rosen-modified Sampath-Reddi assay. The assay has been widely used to evaluate the bone and cartilage-inducing activity of BMPs. The ethanol precipitation step of the Sampath-Reddi procedure is replaced by dialyzing (if the composition is a solution) or diafiltering (if the composition-is a suspension) the fraction to be assayed against water. The solution or suspension is then equilibrated to 0.1% TFA. The resulting solution is added to 20 mg of rat matrix. A mock rat matrix sample not treated with the protein serves as a control. This material is frozen and lyophilized and the resulting powder enclosed in #5 gelatin capsules. The capsules are implanted subcutaneously in the abdominal thoracic area of 21-49 day old male Long Evans rats. The implants are removed after 10 days. A section of each implant is fixed and processed for histological analysis. 1 μm glycolmethacrylate sections are stained with Von Kossa and acid fuschin to score the amount of induced tendon/ligament-like tissue formation present in each implant.

BMP-12 was implanted in the rats in doses of 1, 5, 25 and 50 μg per implant for 10 days. BMP-2 at a dose of 5 μg was included as a positive control. For all doses of BMP-12 tested, no bone or cartilage formation was observed in the implants after ten days. Instead, the implants were filled with tissue resembling embryonic tendon, which is easily recognized by the presence of dense bundles of fibroblasts oriented in the same plane and packed tightly together. [Tendon/ligament-like tissue is described, for example, in Ham and Cormack, Histology (J B Lippincott Co. (1979), pp. 367-369, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference]. These findings were reproduced in a second set of assays in which tendon/ligament-like tissues was present in all BMP-12 containing implants. In contrast, the BMP-2 implants, as expected, showed cartilage and bone formation, but contained no tendon/ligament-like tissue.

The BMP-12 proteins and related proteins of this invention may be assessed for activity on this assay.

EXAMPLE 6

Using methods in accordance with the above examples, with minor modifications within the skill of the art, human MP52 protein and the murine homologue of BMP-13 protein were expressed and assayed for tendon/ligament-like tissue inducing activity. All proteins showed comparable results, similar to those described above for human BMP-12.

The foregoing descriptions detail presently preferred embodiments of the present invention. Numerous modifications and variations in practice thereof are expected to occur to those skilled in the-art upon consideration of these descriptions. Those modifications and variations are believed to be encompassed within the claims appended hereto. The disclosure of all references discussed herein are hereby incorporated by reference.

                   #             SEQUENCE LISTING (1) GENERAL INFORMATION:    (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 35 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 1:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 926 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:           (A) ORGANISM: Homo sapi #ens    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: v1-1     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: mat_ #peptide           (B) LOCATION: 571..882     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: CDS           (B) LOCATION: 1..882     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #1: GCG CGT AAT ACG ACT CAC TAT AGG GCG AAT TG #G GTA CGG GGC CCA GGC       48 Ala Arg Asn Thr Thr His Tyr Arg Ala Asn Tr #p Val Arg Gly Pro Gly -190                -185 #                -180  #               -175 AGC TGG ACT TCT CCG CCG TTG CTG CTG CTG TC #C ACG TGC CCG GGC GCC       96 Ser Trp Thr Ser Pro Pro Leu Leu Leu Leu Se #r Thr Cys Pro Gly Ala                 -170  #               -165   #              -160 GCC CGA GCG CCA CGC CTG CTG TAC TCG CGG GC #A GCT GAG CCC CTA GTC      144 Ala Arg Ala Pro Arg Leu Leu Tyr Ser Arg Al #a Ala Glu Pro Leu Val             -155      #           -150       #          -145 GGT CAG CGC TGG GAG GCG TTC GAC GTG GCG GA #C GCC ATG AGG CGC CAC      192 Gly Gln Arg Trp Glu Ala Phe Asp Val Ala As #p Ala Met Arg Arg His         -140          #       -135           #      -130 CGT CGT GAA CCG CGC CCC CCC CGC GCG TTC TG #C CTC TTG CTG CGC GCA      240 Arg Arg Glu Pro Arg Pro Pro Arg Ala Phe Cy #s Leu Leu Leu Arg Ala     -125              #   -120               #  -115 GTG GCA GGC CCG GTG CCG AGC CCG TTG GCA CT #G CGG CGA CTG GGC TTC      288 Val Ala Gly Pro Val Pro Ser Pro Leu Ala Le #u Arg Arg Leu Gly Phe -110                -105 #                -100  #               -95 GGC TGG CCG GGC GGA GGG GGC TCT GCG GCA GA #G GAG CGC GCG GTG CTA      336 Gly Trp Pro Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Ala Ala Gl #u Glu Arg Ala Val Leu                 -90   #               -85   #               -80 GTC GTC TCC TCC CGC ACG CAG AGG AAA GAG AG #C TTA TTC CGG GAG ATC      384 Val Val Ser Ser Arg Thr Gln Arg Lys Glu Se #r Leu Phe Arg Glu Ile             -75       #           -70       #           -65 CGC GCC CAG GCC CGC GCG CTC GGG GCC GCT CT #G GCC TCA GAG CCG CTG      432 Arg Ala Gln Ala Arg Ala Leu Gly Ala Ala Le #u Ala Ser Glu Pro Leu         -60           #       -55           #       -50 CCC GAC CCA GGA ACC GGC ACC GCG TCG CCA AG #G GCA GTC ATT GGC GGC      480 Pro Asp Pro Gly Thr Gly Thr Ala Ser Pro Ar #g Ala Val Ile Gly Gly     -45               #   -40               #   -35 CGC AGA CGG AGG AGG ACG GCG TTG GCC GGG AC #G CGG ACA GCG CAG GGC      528 Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Thr Ala Leu Ala Gly Th #r Arg Thr Ala Gln Gly -30                 - #25                 - #20                 - #15 AGC GGC GGG GGC GCG GGC CGG GGC CAC GGG CG #C AGG GGC CGG AGC CGC      576 Ser Gly Gly Gly Ala Gly Arg Gly His Gly Ar #g Arg Gly Arg Ser Arg                 -10   #                -5   #                 1 TGC AGC CGC AAG CCG TTG CAC GTG GAC TTC AA #G GAG CTC GGC TGG GAC      624 Cys Ser Arg Lys Pro Leu His Val Asp Phe Ly #s Glu Leu Gly Trp Asp           5         #          10         #          15 GAC TGG ATC ATC GCG CCG CTG GAC TAC GAG GC #G TAC CAC TGC GAG GGC      672 Asp Trp Ile Ile Ala Pro Leu Asp Tyr Glu Al #a Tyr His Cys Glu Gly      20              #     25              #     30 CTT TGC GAC TTC CCT TTG CGT TCG CAC CTC GA #G CCC ACC AAC CAT GCC      720 Leu Cys Asp Phe Pro Leu Arg Ser His Leu Gl #u Pro Thr Asn His Ala  35                  # 40                  # 45                  # 50 ATC ATT CAG ACG CTG CTC AAC TCC ATG GCA CC #A GAC GCG GCG CCG GCC      768 Ile Ile Gln Thr Leu Leu Asn Ser Met Ala Pr #o Asp Ala Ala Pro Ala                  55  #                 60  #                 65 TCC TGC TGT GTG CCA GCG CGC CTC AGC CCC AT #C AGC ATC CTC TAC ATC      816 Ser Cys Cys Val Pro Ala Arg Leu Ser Pro Il #e Ser Ile Leu Tyr Ile              70      #             75      #             80 GAC GCC GCC AAC AAC GTT GTC TAC AAG CAA TA #C GAG GAC ATG GTG GTG      864 Asp Ala Ala Asn Asn Val Val Tyr Lys Gln Ty #r Glu Asp Met Val Val          85          #         90          #         95 GAG GCC TGC GGC TGC AGG TAGCGCGCGG GCCGGGGAGG GG #GCAGCCAC             912 Glu Ala Cys Gly Cys Arg     100 GCGGCCGAGG ATCC               #                   #                   #    926 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 2:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 294 amino  #acids           (B) TYPE: amino acid           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #2: Ala Arg Asn Thr Thr His Tyr Arg Ala Asn Tr #p Val Arg Gly Pro Gly -190                  #-185                  #-180                  #-175 Ser Trp Thr Ser Pro Pro Leu Leu Leu Leu Se #r Thr Cys Pro Gly Ala                 -170  #                -165  #                -160 Ala Arg Ala Pro Arg Leu Leu Tyr Ser Arg Al #a Ala Glu Pro Leu Val             -155      #            -150      #            -145 Gly Gln Arg Trp Glu Ala Phe Asp Val Ala As #p Ala Met Arg Arg His         -140          #        -135          #        -130 Arg Arg Glu Pro Arg Pro Pro Arg Ala Phe Cy #s Leu Leu Leu Arg Ala     -125              #    -120              #    -115 Val Ala Gly Pro Val Pro Ser Pro Leu Ala Le #u Arg Arg Leu Gly Phe -110                  #-105                  #-100                  #-95 Gly Trp Pro Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Ala Ala Gl #u Glu Arg Ala Val Leu                 -90   #               -85   #               -80 Val Val Ser Ser Arg Thr Gln Arg Lys Glu Se #r Leu Phe Arg Glu Ile             -75       #           -70       #           -65 Arg Ala Gln Ala Arg Ala Leu Gly Ala Ala Le #u Ala Ser Glu Pro Leu         -60           #       -55           #       -50 Pro Asp Pro Gly Thr Gly Thr Ala Ser Pro Ar #g Ala Val Ile Gly Gly     -45               #   -40               #   -35 Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Thr Ala Leu Ala Gly Th #r Arg Thr Ala Gln Gly -30                 - #25                 - #20                 - #15 Ser Gly Gly Gly Ala Gly Arg Gly His Gly Ar #g Arg Gly Arg Ser Arg                 -10   #                -5   #                 1 Cys Ser Arg Lys Pro Leu His Val Asp Phe Ly #s Glu Leu Gly Trp Asp           5         #          10         #          15 Asp Trp Ile Ile Ala Pro Leu Asp Tyr Glu Al #a Tyr His Cys Glu Gly      20              #     25              #     30 Leu Cys Asp Phe Pro Leu Arg Ser His Leu Gl #u Pro Thr Asn His Ala  35                  # 40                  # 45                  # 50 Ile Ile Gln Thr Leu Leu Asn Ser Met Ala Pr #o Asp Ala Ala Pro Ala                  55  #                 60  #                 65 Ser Cys Cys Val Pro Ala Arg Leu Ser Pro Il #e Ser Ile Leu Tyr Ile              70      #             75      #             80 Asp Ala Ala Asn Asn Val Val Tyr Lys Gln Ty #r Glu Asp Met Val Val          85          #         90          #         95 Glu Ala Cys Gly Cys Arg     100 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 3:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 1207 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:           (A) ORGANISM: Homo sapi #ens    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: MP52     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: CDS           (B) LOCATION: 845..1204     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #3: ACCGGGCGGC CCTGAACCCA AGCCAGGACA CCCTCCCCAA ACAAGGCAGG CT #ACAGCCCG     60 GACTGTGACC CCAAAAGGAC AGCTTCCCGG AGGCAAGGCA CCCCCAAAAG CA #GGATCTGT    120 CCCCAGCTCC TTCCTGCTGA AGAAGGCCAG GGAGCCCGGG CCCCCACGAG AG #CCCAAGGA    180 GCCGTTTCGC CCACCCCCCA TCACACCCCA CGAGTACATG CTCTCGCTGT AC #AGGACGCT    240 GTCCGATGCT GACAGAAAGG GAGGCAACAG CAGCGTGAAG TTGGAGGCTG GC #CTGGCCAA    300 CACCATCACC AGCTTTATTG ACAAAGGGCA AGATGACCGA GGTCCCGTGG TC #AGGAAGCA    360 GAGGTACGTG TTTGACATTA GTGCCCTGGA GAAGGATGGG CTGCTGGGGG CC #GAGCTCCG    420 GATCTTGCGG AAGAAGCCCT CGGACACGGC CAAGCCAGCG GCCCCCGGAG GC #GGGCGGGC    480 TGCCCAGCTG AAGCTGTCCA GCTGCCCCAG CGGCCGGCAG CCGGCCTCCT TG #CTGGATGT    540 GCGCTCCGTG CCAGGCCTGG ACGGATCTGG CTGGGAGGTG TTCGACATCT GG #AAGCTCTT    600 CCGAAACTTT AAGAACTCGG CCCAGCTGTG CCTGGAGCTG GAGGCCTGGG AA #CGGGGCAG    660 GGCCGTGGAC CTCCGTGGCC TGGGCTTCGA CCGCGCCGCC CGGCAGGTCC AC #GAGAAGGC    720 CCTGTTCCTG GTGTTTGGCC GCACCAAGAA ACGGGACCTG TTCTTTAATG AG #ATTAAGGC    780 CCGCTCTGGC CAGGACGATA AGACCGTGTA TGAGTACCTG TTCAGCCAGC GG #CGAAAACG    840 GCGG GCC CCA CTG GCC ACT CGC CAG GGC AAG C #GA CCC AGC AAG AAC CTT     889      Ala Pro Leu Ala Thr Arg Gln Gly # Lys Arg Pro Ser Lys Asn Leu        1            #    5               #    10               #    15 AAG GCT CGC TGC AGT CGG AAG GCA CTG CAT GT #C AAC TTC AAG GAC ATG      937 Lys Ala Arg Cys Ser Arg Lys Ala Leu His Va #l Asn Phe Lys Asp Met                  20  #                 25  #                 30 GGC TGG GAC GAC TGG ATC ATC GCA CCC CTT GA #G TAC GAG GCT TTC CAC      985 Gly Trp Asp Asp Trp Ile Ile Ala Pro Leu Gl #u Tyr Glu Ala Phe His              35      #             40      #             45 TGC GAG GGG CTG TGC GAG TTC CCA TTG CGC TC #C CAC CTG GAG CCC ACG     1033 Cys Glu Gly Leu Cys Glu Phe Pro Leu Arg Se #r His Leu Glu Pro Thr          50          #         55          #         60 AAT CAT GCA GTC ATC CAG ACC CTG ATG AAC TC #C ATG GAC CCC GAG TCC     1081 Asn His Ala Val Ile Gln Thr Leu Met Asn Se #r Met Asp Pro Glu Ser      65              #     70              #     75 ACA CCA CCC ACC TGC TGT GTG CCC ACG CGG CT #G AGT CCC ATC AGC ATC     1129 Thr Pro Pro Thr Cys Cys Val Pro Thr Arg Le #u Ser Pro Ile Ser Ile  80                  # 85                  # 90                  # 95 CTC TTC ATT GAC TCT GCC AAC AAC GTG GTG TA #T AAG CAG TAT GAG GAC     1177 Leu Phe Ile Asp Ser Ala Asn Asn Val Val Ty #r Lys Gln Tyr Glu Asp                 100   #               105   #               110 ATG GTC GTG GAG TCG TGT GGC TGC AGG TAG   #                   #         1207 Met Val Val Glu Ser Cys Gly Cys Arg             115       #           120 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 4:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 120 amino  #acids           (B) TYPE: amino acid           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #4: Ala Pro Leu Ala Thr Arg Gln Gly Lys Arg Pr #o Ser Lys Asn Leu Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Ala Arg Cys Ser Arg Lys Ala Leu His Val As #n Phe Lys Asp Met Gly              20      #             25      #             30 Trp Asp Asp Trp Ile Ile Ala Pro Leu Glu Ty #r Glu Ala Phe His Cys          35          #         40          #         45 Glu Gly Leu Cys Glu Phe Pro Leu Arg Ser Hi #s Leu Glu Pro Thr Asn      50              #     55              #     60 His Ala Val Ile Gln Thr Leu Met Asn Ser Me #t Asp Pro Glu Ser Thr  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Pro Pro Thr Cys Cys Val Pro Thr Arg Leu Se #r Pro Ile Ser Ile Leu                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Phe Ile Asp Ser Ala Asn Asn Val Val Tyr Ly #s Gln Tyr Glu Asp Met             100       #           105       #           110 Val Val Glu Ser Cys Gly Cys Arg         115           #       120 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 5:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 128 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:           (A) ORGANISM: Homo Sapi #ens    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: V1-1 fragmen #t     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: CDS           (B) LOCATION: 28..102     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #5: GGATCCTGGA AGGATTGGAT CATTGCG CCG CTG GAC TAC GAG  #GCG TAC CAC         51                    #            Pro Leu Asp Ty #r Glu Ala Tyr His                    #              1     #           5 TGC GAG GGC CTT TGC GAC TTC CCT TTG CGT TC #G CAC CTC GAG CCC ACC       99 Cys Glu Gly Leu Cys Asp Phe Pro Leu Arg Se #r His Leu Glu Pro Thr      10              #     15              #     20 AAC CACGCTATAG TCCAAACCTT TCTAGA         #                   #           128 Asn  25 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 6:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 25 amino  #acids           (B) TYPE: amino acid           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #6: Pro Leu Asp Tyr Glu Ala Tyr His Cys Glu Gl #y Leu Cys Asp Phe Pro   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Leu Arg Ser His Leu Glu Pro Thr Asn              20      #             25 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 7:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 128 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:           (A) ORGANISM: Homo Sapi #ens    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: VL-1     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: CDS           (B) LOCATION: 28..102     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #7: GGATCCTGGG ATGACTGGAT TATGGCG CCG CTG GAC TAC GAG  #GCG TAC CAC         51                    #            Pro Leu Asp Ty #r Glu Ala Tyr His                    #              1     #           5 TGC GAG GGT GTA TGC GAC TTC CCG CTG CGC TC #G CAC CTG GAG CCC ACC       99 Cys Glu Gly Val Cys Asp Phe Pro Leu Arg Se #r His Leu Glu Pro Thr      10              #     15              #     20 AAC CACGCCATGC TACAAACGCT TCTAGA         #                   #           128 Asn  25 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 8:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 25 amino  #acids           (B) TYPE: amino acid           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #8: Pro Leu Asp Tyr Glu Ala Tyr His Cys Glu Gl #y Val Cys Asp Phe Pro   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Leu Arg Ser His Leu Glu Pro Thr Asn              20      #             25 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 9:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 3585 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: pALV1-781     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #9: CTAACTACCC AACTCAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AAAAACCCCC TCTAACCCCC AT #TGACGAAA     60 GGGCCTCGTG ATACGCCTAT TTTTATAGGT TAATGTCATG ATAATAATGG TT #TCTTAGAC    120 GTCAGGTGGC ACTTTTCGGG GAAATGTGCG CGGAACCCCT ATTTGTTTAT TT #TTCTAAAT    180 ACATTCAAAT ATGTATCCGC TCATGAGACA ATAACCCTGA TAAATGCTTC AA #TAATATTG    240 AAAAAGGAAG AGTATGAGTA TTCAACATTT CCGTGTCGCC CTTATTCCCT TT #TTTGCGGC    300 ATTTTGCCTT CCTGTTTTTG CTCACCCAGA AACGCTGGTG AAAGTAAAAG AT #GCTGAAGA    360 TCAGTTGGGT GCACGAGTGG GTTACATCGA ACTGGATCTC AACAGCGGTA AG #ATCCTTGA    420 GAGTTTTCGC CCCGAAGAAC GTTTTCCAAT GATGAGCACT TTTAAAGTTC TG #CTATGTGG    480 CGCGGTATTA TCCCGTATTG ACGCCGGGCA AGAGCAACTC GGTCGCCGCA TA #CACTATTC    540 TCAGAATGAC TTGGTTGAGT ACTCACCAGT CACAGAAAAG CATCTTACGG AT #GGCATGAC    600 AGTAAGAGAA TTATGCAGTG CTGCCATAAC CATGAGTGAT AACACTGCGG CC #AACTTACT    660 TCTGACAACG ATCGGAGGAC CGAAGGAGCT AACCGCTTTT TTGCACAACA TG #GGGGATCA    720 TGTAACTCGC CTTGATCGTT GGGAACCGGA GCTGAATGAA GCCATACCAA AC #GACGAGCG    780 TGACACCACG ATGCCTGTAG CAATGGCAAC AACGTTGCGC AAACTATTAA CT #GGCGAACT    840 ACTTACTCTA GCTTCCCGGC AACAATTAAT AGACTGGATG GAGGCGGATA AA #GTTGCAGG    900 ACCACTTCTG CGCTCGGCCC TTCCGGCTGG CTGGTTTATT GCTGATAAAT CT #GGAGCCGG    960 TGAGCGTGGG TCTCGCGGTA TCATTGCAGC ACTGGGGCCA GATGGTAAGC CC #TCCCGTAT   1020 CGTAGTTATC TACACGACGG GGAGTCAGGC AACTATGGAT GAACGAAATA GA #CAGATCGC   1080 TGAGATAGGT GCCTCACTGA TTAAGCATTG GTAACTGTCA GACCAAGTTT AC #TCATATAT   1140 ACTTTAGATT GATTTAAAAC TTCATTTTTA ATTTAAAAGG ATCTAGGTGA AG #ATCCTTTT   1200 TGATAATCTC ATGACCAAAA TCCCTTAACG TGAGTTTTCG TTCCACTGAG CG #TCAGACCC   1260 CGTAGAAAAG ATCAAAGGAT CTTCTTGAGA TCCTTTTTTT CTGCGCGTAA TC #TGCTGCTT   1320 GCAAACAAAA AAACCACCGC TACCAGCGGT GGTTTGTTTG CCGGATCAAG AG #CTACCAAC   1380 TCTTTTTCCG AAGGTAACTG GCTTCAGCAG AGCGCAGATA CCAAATACTG TC #CTTCTAGT   1440 GTAGCCGTAG TTAGGCCACC ACTTCAAGAA CTCTGTAGCA CCGCCTACAT AC #CTCGCTCT   1500 GCTAATCCTG TTACCAGTGG CTGCTGCCAG TGGCGATAAG TCGTGTCTTA CC #GGGTTGGA   1560 CTCAAGACGA TAGTTACCGG ATAAGGCGCA GCGGTCGGGC TGAACGGGGG GT #TCGTGCAC   1620 ACAGCCCAGC TTGGAGCGAA CGACCTACAC CGAACTGAGA TACCTACAGC GT #GAGCATTG   1680 AGAAAGCGCC ACGCTTCCCG AAGGGAGAAA GGCGGACAGG TATCCGGTAA GC #GGCAGGGT   1740 CGGAACAGGA GAGCGCACGA GGGAGCTTCC AGGGGGAAAC GCCTGGTATC TT #TATAGTCC   1800 TGTCGGGTTT CGCCACCTCT GACTTGAGCG TCGATTTTTG TGATGCTCGT CA #GGGGGGCG   1860 GAGCCTATGG AAAAACGCCA GCAACGCGGC CTTTTTACGG TTCCTGGCCT TT #TGCTGGCC   1920 TTTTGCTCAC ATGTTCTTTC CTGCGTTATC CCCTGATTCT GTGGATAACC GT #ATTACCGC   1980 CTTTGAGTGA GCTGATACCG CTCGCCGCAG CCGAACGACC GAGCGCAGCG AG #TCAGTGAG   2040 CGAGGAAGCG GAAGAGCGCC CAATACGCAA ACCGCCTCTC CCCGCGCGTT GG #CCGATTCA   2100 TTAATGCAGA ATTGATCTCT CACCTACCAA ACAATGCCCC CCTGCAAAAA AT #AAATTCAT   2160 ATAAAAAACA TACAGATAAC CATCTGCGGT GATAAATTAT CTCTGGCGGT GT #TGACATAA   2220 ATACCACTGG CGGTGATACT GAGCACATCA GCAGGACGCA CTGACCACCA TG #AAGGTGAC   2280 GCTCTTAAAA ATTAAGCCCT GAAGAAGGGC AGCATTCAAA GCAGAAGGCT TT #GGGGTGTG   2340 TGATACGAAA CGAAGCATTG GCCGTAAGTG CGATTCCGGA TTAGCTGCCA AT #GTGCCAAT   2400 CGCGGGGGGT TTTCGTTCAG GACTACAACT GCCACACACC ACCAAAGCTA AC #TGACAGGA   2460 GAATCCAGAT GGATGCACAA ACACGCCGCC GCGAACGTCG CGCAGAGAAA CA #GGCTCAAT   2520 GGAAAGCAGC AAATCCCCTG TTGGTTGGGG TAAGCGCAAA ACCAGTTCCG AA #AGATTTTT   2580 TTAACTATAA ACGCTGATGG AAGCGTTTAT GCGGAAGAGG TAAAGCCCTT CC #CGAGTAAC   2640 AAAAAAACAA CAGCATAAAT AACCCCGCTC TTACACATTC CAGCCCTGAA AA #AGGGCATC   2700 AAATTAAACC ACACCTATGG TGTATGCATT TATTTGCATA CATTCAATCA AT #TGTTATCT   2760 AAGGAAATAC TTACATATGT CTCGTTGTTC TCGTAAACCA CTGCATGTAG AT #TTTAAAGA   2820 GCTCGGCTGG GACGACTGGA TCATCGCGCC GCTGGACTAC GAGGCGTACC AC #TGCGAGGG   2880 CCTTTGCGAC TTCCCTTTGC GTTCGCACCT CGAGCCCACC AACCATGCCA TC #ATTCAGAC   2940 GCTGCTCAAC TCCATGGCAC CAGACGCGGC GCCGGCCTCC TGCTGTGTGC CA #GCGCGCCT   3000 CAGCCCCATC AGCATCCTCT ACATCGACGC CGCCAACAAC GTTGTCTACA AG #CAATACGA   3060 GGACATGGTG GTGGAGGCCT GCGGCTGCAG GTAGTCTAGA GTCGACCTGC AG #TAATCGTA   3120 CAGGGTAGTA CAAATAAAAA AGGCACGTCA GATGACGTGC CTTTTTTCTT GT #GAGCAGTA   3180 AGCTTGGCAC TGGCCGTCGT TTTACAACGT CGTGACTGGG AAAACCCTGG CG #TTACCCAA   3240 CTTAATCGCC TTGCAGCACA TCCCCCTTTC GCCAGCTGGC GTAATAGCGA AG #AGGCCCGC   3300 ACCGATCGCC CTTCCCAACA GTTGCGCAGC CTGAATGGCG AATGGCGCCT GA #TGCGGTAT   3360 TTTCTCCTTA CGCATCTGTG CGGTATTTCA CACCGCATAT ATGGTGCACT CT #CAGTACAA   3420 TCTGCTCTGA TGCCGCATAG TTAAGCCAGC CCCGACACCC GCCAACACCC GC #TGACGCGC   3480 CCTGACGGGC TTGTCTGCTC CCGGCATCCG CTTACAGACA AGCTGTGACC GT #CTCCGGGA   3540 GCTGCATGTG TCAGAGGTTT TCACCGTCAT CACCGAAACG CGCGA    #                3585 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 10:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 272 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:           (A) ORGANISM: mouse    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: mV1     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: CDS           (B) LOCATION: 28..243     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #10: GGATCCAAGG AGCTCGGCTG GGACGAC TGG ATC ATC GCG CCA  #TTA GAC TAC         51                    #            Trp Ile Ile Al #a Pro Leu Asp Tyr                    #              1     #           5 GAG GCA TAC CAC TGC GAG GGC GTT TGC GAC TT #T CCT CTG CGC TCG CAC       99 Glu Ala Tyr His Cys Glu Gly Val Cys Asp Ph #e Pro Leu Arg Ser His      10              #     15              #     20 CTG GAG CCT ACC AAC CAC GCC ATC ATT CAG AC #G CTG CTC AAC TCC ATG      147 Leu Glu Pro Thr Asn His Ala Ile Ile Gln Th #r Leu Leu Asn Ser Met  25                  # 30                  # 35                  # 40 GCG CCC GAC GCT GCG CCA GCC TCC TGC TGC GT #G CCC GCA AGG CTC AGT      195 Ala Pro Asp Ala Ala Pro Ala Ser Cys Cys Va #l Pro Ala Arg Leu Ser                  45  #                 50  #                 55 CCC ATC AGC ATT CTC TAC ATC GAT GCC GCC AA #C AAC GTG GTC TAC AAG      243 Pro Ile Ser Ile Leu Tyr Ile Asp Ala Ala As #n Asn Val Val Tyr Lys              60      #             65      #             70 CAATACGAGG ACATGGTGGT GGGGAATTC          #                   #           272 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 11:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 72 amino  #acids           (B) TYPE: amino acid           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #11: Trp Ile Ile Ala Pro Leu Asp Tyr Glu Ala Ty #r His Cys Glu Gly Val   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Cys Asp Phe Pro Leu Arg Ser His Leu Glu Pr #o Thr Asn His Ala Ile              20      #             25      #             30 Ile Gln Thr Leu Leu Asn Ser Met Ala Pro As #p Ala Ala Pro Ala Ser          35          #         40          #         45 Cys Cys Val Pro Ala Arg Leu Ser Pro Ile Se #r Ile Leu Tyr Ile Asp      50              #     55              #     60 Ala Ala Asn Asn Val Val Tyr Lys  65                  # 70 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 12:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 272 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:           (A) ORGANISM: mouse    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: mV2     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: CDS           (B) LOCATION: 28..243     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #12: GGATCCAAGG AGCTCGGCTG GGACGAC TGG ATT ATC GCG CCC  #CTA GAG TAC         51                    #            Trp Ile Ile Al #a Pro Leu Glu Tyr                    #              1     #           5 GAG GCC TAT CAC TGC GAG GGC GTG TGC GAC TT #T CCG CTG CGC TCG CAC       99 Glu Ala Tyr His Cys Glu Gly Val Cys Asp Ph #e Pro Leu Arg Ser His      10              #     15              #     20 CTT GAG CCC ACT AAC CAT GCC ATC ATT CAG AC #G CTG ATG AAC TCC ATG      147 Leu Glu Pro Thr Asn His Ala Ile Ile Gln Th #r Leu Met Asn Ser Met  25                  # 30                  # 35                  # 40 GAC CCG GGC TCC ACC CCG CCT AGC TGC TGC GT #T CCC ACC AAA CTG ACT      195 Asp Pro Gly Ser Thr Pro Pro Ser Cys Cys Va #l Pro Thr Lys Leu Thr                  45  #                 50  #                 55 CCC ATT AGC ATC CTG TAC ATC GAC GCG GGC AA #T AAT GTA GTC TAC AAG      243 Pro Ile Ser Ile Leu Tyr Ile Asp Ala Gly As #n Asn Val Val Tyr Lys              60      #             65      #             70 CAATACGAGG ACATGGTGGT GGGGAATTC          #                   #           272 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 13:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 72 amino  #acids           (B) TYPE: amino acid           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #13: Trp Ile Ile Ala Pro Leu Glu Tyr Glu Ala Ty #r His Cys Glu Gly Val   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Cys Asp Phe Pro Leu Arg Ser His Leu Glu Pr #o Thr Asn His Ala Ile              20      #             25      #             30 Ile Gln Thr Leu Met Asn Ser Met Asp Pro Gl #y Ser Thr Pro Pro Ser          35          #         40          #         45 Cys Cys Val Pro Thr Lys Leu Thr Pro Ile Se #r Ile Leu Tyr Ile Asp      50              #     55              #     60 Ala Gly Asn Asn Val Val Tyr Lys  65                  # 70 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 14:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 272 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:           (A) ORGANISM: mouse    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: mV9     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: CDS           (B) LOCATION: 28..243     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #14: GGATCCAAGG AGCTCGGCTG GGACGAC TGG ATC ATC GCA CCT  #CTT GAG TAT         51                    #            Trp Ile Ile Al #a Pro Leu Glu Tyr                    #              1     #           5 GAG GCC TTC CAC TGC GAA GGA CTG TGT GAG TT #C CCC TTG CGC TCC CAC       99 Glu Ala Phe His Cys Glu Gly Leu Cys Glu Ph #e Pro Leu Arg Ser His      10              #     15              #     20 TTG GAG CCC ACA AAC CAC GCA GTC ATT CAG AC #C CTA ATG AAC TCT ATG      147 Leu Glu Pro Thr Asn His Ala Val Ile Gln Th #r Leu Met Asn Ser Met  25                  # 30                  # 35                  # 40 GAC CCT GAA TCC ACA CCA CCC ACT TGT TGT GT #G CCT ACA CGG CTG AGT      195 Asp Pro Glu Ser Thr Pro Pro Thr Cys Cys Va #l Pro Thr Arg Leu Ser                  45  #                 50  #                 55 CCT ATT AGC ATC CTC TTC ATC GAC TCT GCC AA #C AAC GTG GTG TAT AAA      243 Pro Ile Ser Ile Leu Phe Ile Asp Ser Ala As #n Asn Val Val Tyr Lys              60      #             65      #             70 CAATACGAGG ACATGGTGGT GGGGAATTC          #                   #           272 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 15:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 72 amino  #acids           (B) TYPE: amino acid           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #15: Trp Ile Ile Ala Pro Leu Glu Tyr Glu Ala Ph #e His Cys Glu Gly Leu   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Cys Glu Phe Pro Leu Arg Ser His Leu Glu Pr #o Thr Asn His Ala Val              20      #             25      #             30 Ile Gln Thr Leu Met Asn Ser Met Asp Pro Gl #u Ser Thr Pro Pro Thr          35          #         40          #         45 Cys Cys Val Pro Thr Arg Leu Ser Pro Ile Se #r Ile Leu Phe Ile Asp      50              #     55              #     60 Ser Ala Asn Asn Val Val Tyr Lys  65                  # 70 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 16:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 7 amino  #acids           (B) TYPE: amino acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:           (A) ORGANISM: BMP/TGF-beta # consensus sequence     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #16: Trp Xaa Asp Trp Ile Xaa Ala 1               5 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 17:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 27 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: oligonucleotide # #1     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #17: CGGATCCTGG VANGAYTGGA THRTNGC           #                   #             27 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 18:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 6 amino  #acids           (B) TYPE: amino acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: BMP/TGF-beta  #consensus sequence     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #18: His Ala Ile Xaa Gln Thr 1               5 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 19:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 28 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: oligonucleotide # #2     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #19: TTTCTAGAAR NGTYTGNACD ATNGCRTG          #                   #             28 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 20:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 40 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: oligonucleotide # #3     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #20: CCACTGCGAG GGCCTTTGCG ACTTCCCTTT GCGTTCGCAC      #                   #    40 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 21:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 29 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (A) LIBRARY: oligonucleoti #de #4     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #21: TGCGGATCCA GCCGCTGCAG CCGCAAGCC          #                   #            29 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 22:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 29 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: oligonucleotide # #5     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #22: GACTCTAGAC TACCTGCAGC CGCAGGCCT          #                   #            29 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 23:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 28 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (A) LIBRARY: oligonucleoti #de #6     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #23: GCGGATCCAA GGAGCTCGGC TGGGACGA          #                   #             28 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 24:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 28 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: oligonucleotide # #7     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #24: GGAATTCCCC ACCACCATGT CCTCGTAT          #                   #             28 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 25:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 1171 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: Human VL-1  #protein     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: CDS           (B) LOCATION: 2..964     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: mat_ #peptide           (B) LOCATION: 605..964     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #25: G AAT TCG GAT CTC TCG CAC ACT CCT CTC CGG  #AGA CAG AAG TAT TTG         46   Asn Ser Asp Leu Ser His Thr Pro Leu A #rg Arg Gln Lys Tyr Leu   -201-200               #  -195                # -190 TTT GAT GTG TCC ATG CTC TCA GAC AAA GAA GA #G CTG GTG GGC GCG GAG       94 Phe Asp Val Ser Met Leu Ser Asp Lys Glu Gl #u Leu Val Gly Ala Glu     -185              #   -180               #  -175 CTG CGG CTC TTT CGC CAG GCG CCC TCA GCG CC #C TGG GGG CCA CCA GCC      142 Leu Arg Leu Phe Arg Gln Ala Pro Ser Ala Pr #o Trp Gly Pro Pro Ala -170                -165 #                -160  #               -155 GGG CCG CTC CAC GTG CAG CTC TTC CCT TGC CT #T TCG CCC CTA CTG CTG      190 Gly Pro Leu His Val Gln Leu Phe Pro Cys Le #u Ser Pro Leu Leu Leu                 -150  #               -145   #              -140 GAC GCG CGG ACC CTG GAC CCG CAG GGG GCG CC #G CCG GCC GGC TGG GAA      238 Asp Ala Arg Thr Leu Asp Pro Gln Gly Ala Pr #o Pro Ala Gly Trp Glu             -135      #           -130       #          -125 GTC TTC GAC GTG TGG CAG GGC CTG CGC CAC CA #G CCC TGG AAG CAG CTG      286 Val Phe Asp Val Trp Gln Gly Leu Arg His Gl #n Pro Trp Lys Gln Leu         -120          #       -115           #      -110 TGC TTG GAG CTG CGG GCC GCA TGG GGC GAG CT #G GAC GCC GGG GAG GCC      334 Cys Leu Glu Leu Arg Ala Ala Trp Gly Glu Le #u Asp Ala Gly Glu Ala     -105              #   -100               #  -95 GAG GCG CGC GCG CGG GGA CCC CAG CAA CCG CC #G CCC CCG GAC CTG CGG      382 Glu Ala Arg Ala Arg Gly Pro Gln Gln Pro Pr #o Pro Pro Asp Leu Arg -90                 - #85                 - #80                 - #75 AGT CTG GGC TTC GGC CGG AGG GTG CGG CCT CC #C CAG GAG CGG GCC CTG      430 Ser Leu Gly Phe Gly Arg Arg Val Arg Pro Pr #o Gln Glu Arg Ala Leu                 -70   #               -65   #               -60 CTG GTG GTA TTC ACC AGA TCC CAG CGC AAG AA #C CTG TTC GCA GAG ATG      478 Leu Val Val Phe Thr Arg Ser Gln Arg Lys As #n Leu Phe Ala Glu Met             -55       #           -50       #           -45 CGC GAG CAG CTG GGC TCG GCC GAG GCT GCG GG #C CCG GGC GCG GGC GCC      526 Arg Glu Gln Leu Gly Ser Ala Glu Ala Ala Gl #y Pro Gly Ala Gly Ala         -40           #       -35           #       -30 GAG GGG TCG TGG CCG CCG CCG TCG GGC GCC CC #G GAT GCC AGG CCT TGG      574 Glu Gly Ser Trp Pro Pro Pro Ser Gly Ala Pr #o Asp Ala Arg Pro Trp     -25               #   -20               #   -15 CTG CCC TCG CCC GGC CGC CGG CGG CGG CGC AC #G GCC TTC GCC AGT CGC      622 Leu Pro Ser Pro Gly Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Th #r Ala Phe Ala Ser Arg -10                   #-5                   # 1               5 CAT GGC AAG CGG CAC GGC AAG AAG TCC AGG CT #A CGC TGC AGC AAG AAG      670 His Gly Lys Arg His Gly Lys Lys Ser Arg Le #u Arg Cys Ser Lys Lys              10      #             15      #             20 CCC CTG CAC GTG AAC TTC AAG GAG CTG GGC TG #G GAC GAC TGG ATT ATC      718 Pro Leu His Val Asn Phe Lys Glu Leu Gly Tr #p Asp Asp Trp Ile Ile          25          #         30          #         35 GCG CCC CTG GAG TAC GAG GCC TAT CAC TGC GA #G GGT GTA TGC GAC TTC      766 Ala Pro Leu Glu Tyr Glu Ala Tyr His Cys Gl #u Gly Val Cys Asp Phe      40              #     45              #     50 CCG CTG CGC TCG CAC CTG GAG CCC ACC AAC CA #C GCC ATC ATC CAG ACG      814 Pro Leu Arg Ser His Leu Glu Pro Thr Asn Hi #s Ala Ile Ile Gln Thr  55                  # 60                  # 65                  # 70 CTG ATG AAC TCC ATG GAC CCC GGC TCC ACC CC #G CCC AGC TGC TGC GTG      862 Leu Met Asn Ser Met Asp Pro Gly Ser Thr Pr #o Pro Ser Cys Cys Val                  75  #                 80  #                 85 CCC ACC AAA TTG ACT CCC ATC AGC ATT CTA TA #C ATC GAC GCG GGC AAT      910 Pro Thr Lys Leu Thr Pro Ile Ser Ile Leu Ty #r Ile Asp Ala Gly Asn              90      #             95      #            100 AAT GTG GTC TAC AAG CAG TAC GAG GAC ATG GT #G GTG GAG TCG TGC GGC      958 Asn Val Val Tyr Lys Gln Tyr Glu Asp Met Va #l Val Glu Ser Cys Gly         105           #       110           #       115 TGC AGG TAGCGGTGCC TTTCCCGCCG CCTTGGCCCG GAACCAAGGT GG #GCCAAGGT      1014 Cys Arg     120 CCGCCTTGCA GGGGAGGCCT GGCTGCAGAG AGGCGGAGGA GGAAGCTGGC GC #TGGGGGAG   1074 GCTGAGGGTG AGGGAACAGC CTGGATGTGA GAGCCGGTGG GAGAGAAGGG AG #CGCACCTT   1134 CCCAGTAACT TCTACCTGCC AGCCCAGAGG GAAATAT       #                   #    1171 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 26:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 321 amino  #acids           (B) TYPE: amino acid           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #26: Asn Ser Asp Leu Ser His Thr Pro Leu Arg Ar #g Gln Lys Tyr Leu Phe -201 -200                #  -195                #  -190 Asp Val Ser Met Leu Ser Asp Lys Glu Glu Le #u Val Gly Ala Glu Leu -185                  #-180                  #-175                  #-170 Arg Leu Phe Arg Gln Ala Pro Ser Ala Pro Tr #p Gly Pro Pro Ala Gly                 -165  #                -160  #                -155 Pro Leu His Val Gln Leu Phe Pro Cys Leu Se #r Pro Leu Leu Leu Asp             -150      #            -145      #            -140 Ala Arg Thr Leu Asp Pro Gln Gly Ala Pro Pr #o Ala Gly Trp Glu Val         -135          #        -130          #        -125 Phe Asp Val Trp Gln Gly Leu Arg His Gln Pr #o Trp Lys Gln Leu Cys     -120              #    -115              #    -110 Leu Glu Leu Arg Ala Ala Trp Gly Glu Leu As #p Ala Gly Glu Ala Glu -105                  #-100                  #-95                  #-90 Ala Arg Ala Arg Gly Pro Gln Gln Pro Pro Pr #o Pro Asp Leu Arg Ser                 -85   #               -80   #               -75 Leu Gly Phe Gly Arg Arg Val Arg Pro Pro Gl #n Glu Arg Ala Leu Leu             -70       #           -65       #           -60 Val Val Phe Thr Arg Ser Gln Arg Lys Asn Le #u Phe Ala Glu Met Arg         -55           #       -50           #       -45 Glu Gln Leu Gly Ser Ala Glu Ala Ala Gly Pr #o Gly Ala Gly Ala Glu     -40               #   -35               #   -30 Gly Ser Trp Pro Pro Pro Ser Gly Ala Pro As #p Ala Arg Pro Trp Leu -25                 - #20                 - #15                 - #10 Pro Ser Pro Gly Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Thr Al #a Phe Ala Ser Arg His                  -5  #                   #1               5 Gly Lys Arg His Gly Lys Lys Ser Arg Leu Ar #g Cys Ser Lys Lys Pro          10          #         15          #         20 Leu His Val Asn Phe Lys Glu Leu Gly Trp As #p Asp Trp Ile Ile Ala      25              #     30              #     35 Pro Leu Glu Tyr Glu Ala Tyr His Cys Glu Gl #y Val Cys Asp Phe Pro  40                  # 45                  # 50                  # 55 Leu Arg Ser His Leu Glu Pro Thr Asn His Al #a Ile Ile Gln Thr Leu                  60  #                 65  #                 70 Met Asn Ser Met Asp Pro Gly Ser Thr Pro Pr #o Ser Cys Cys Val Pro              75      #             80      #             85 Thr Lys Leu Thr Pro Ile Ser Ile Leu Tyr Il #e Asp Ala Gly Asn Asn          90          #         95          #        100 Val Val Tyr Lys Gln Tyr Glu Asp Met Val Va #l Glu Ser Cys Gly Cys     105               #   110               #   115 Arg 120 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 27:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 1233 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: DNA encoding # BMP2 propeptide/BMP-12 mature                peptide     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: CDS           (B) LOCATION: 1..1233     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: mat_ #peptide           (B) LOCATION: 847..1233     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #27: ATG GTG GCC GGG ACC CGC TGT CTT CTA GCG TT #G CTG CTT CCC CAG GTC       48 Met Val Ala Gly Thr Arg Cys Leu Leu Ala Le #u Leu Leu Pro Gln Val -282    -280             #    -275              #   -270 CTC CTG GGC GGC GCG GCT GGC CTC GTT CCG GA #G CTG GGC CGC AGG AAG       96 Leu Leu Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Leu Val Pro Gl #u Leu Gly Arg Arg Lys     -265              #   -260               #  -255 TTC GCG GCG GCG TCG TCG GGC CGC CCC TCA TC #C CAG CCC TCT GAC GAG      144 Phe Ala Ala Ala Ser Ser Gly Arg Pro Ser Se #r Gln Pro Ser Asp Glu -250                -245 #                -240  #               -235 GTC CTG AGC GAG TTC GAG TTG CGG CTG CTC AG #C ATG TTC GGC CTG AAA      192 Val Leu Ser Glu Phe Glu Leu Arg Leu Leu Se #r Met Phe Gly Leu Lys                 -230  #               -225   #              -220 CAG AGA CCC ACC CCC AGC AGG GAC GCC GTG GT #G CCC CCC TAC ATG CTA      240 Gln Arg Pro Thr Pro Ser Arg Asp Ala Val Va #l Pro Pro Tyr Met Leu             -215      #           -210       #          -205 GAC CTG TAT CGC AGG CAC TCA GGT CAG CCG GG #C TCA CCC GCC CCA GAC      288 Asp Leu Tyr Arg Arg His Ser Gly Gln Pro Gl #y Ser Pro Ala Pro Asp         -200          #       -195           #      -190 CAC CGG TTG GAG AGG GCA GCC AGC CGA GCC AA #C ACT GTG CGC AGC TTC      336 His Arg Leu Glu Arg Ala Ala Ser Arg Ala As #n Thr Val Arg Ser Phe     -185              #   -180               #  -175 CAC CAT GAA GAA TCT TTG GAA GAA CTA CCA GA #A ACG AGT GGG AAA ACA      384 His His Glu Glu Ser Leu Glu Glu Leu Pro Gl #u Thr Ser Gly Lys Thr -170                -165 #                -160  #               -155 ACC CGG AGA TTC TTC TTT AAT TTA AGT TCT AT #C CCC ACG GAG GAG TTT      432 Thr Arg Arg Phe Phe Phe Asn Leu Ser Ser Il #e Pro Thr Glu Glu Phe                 -150  #               -145   #              -140 ATC ACC TCA GCA GAG CTT CAG GTT TTC CGA GA #A CAG ATG CAA GAT GCT      480 Ile Thr Ser Ala Glu Leu Gln Val Phe Arg Gl #u Gln Met Gln Asp Ala             -135      #           -130       #          -125 TTA GGA AAC AAT AGC AGT TTC CAT CAC CGA AT #T AAT ATT TAT GAA ATC      528 Leu Gly Asn Asn Ser Ser Phe His His Arg Il #e Asn Ile Tyr Glu Ile         -120          #       -115           #      -110 ATA AAA CCT GCA ACA GCC AAC TCG AAA TTC CC #C GTG ACC AGA CTT TTG      576 Ile Lys Pro Ala Thr Ala Asn Ser Lys Phe Pr #o Val Thr Arg Leu Leu     -105              #   -100               #  -95 GAC ACC AGG TTG GTG AAT CAG AAT GCA AGC AG #G TGG GAA AGT TTT GAT      624 Asp Thr Arg Leu Val Asn Gln Asn Ala Ser Ar #g Trp Glu Ser Phe Asp -90                 - #85                 - #80                 - #75 GTC ACC CCC GCT GTG ATG CGG TGG ACT GCA CA #G GGA CAC GCC AAC CAT      672 Val Thr Pro Ala Val Met Arg Trp Thr Ala Gl #n Gly His Ala Asn His                 -70   #               -65   #               -60 GGA TTC GTG GTG GAA GTG GCC CAC TTG GAG GA #G AAA CAA GGT GTC TCC      720 Gly Phe Val Val Glu Val Ala His Leu Glu Gl #u Lys Gln Gly Val Ser             -55       #           -50       #           -45 AAG AGA CAT GTT AGG ATA AGC AGG TCT TTG CA #C CAA GAT GAA CAC AGC      768 Lys Arg His Val Arg Ile Ser Arg Ser Leu Hi #s Gln Asp Glu His Ser         -40           #       -35           #       -30 TGG TCA CAG ATA AGG CCA TTG CTA GTA ACT TT #T GGC CAT GAT GGA AAA      816 Trp Ser Gln Ile Arg Pro Leu Leu Val Thr Ph #e Gly His Asp Gly Lys     -25               #   -20               #   -15 GGG CAT CCT CTC CAC AAA AGA GAA AAA CGT AC #G GCG TTG GCC GGG ACG      864 Gly His Pro Leu His Lys Arg Glu Lys Arg Th #r Ala Leu Ala Gly Thr -10                   #-5                   # 1               5 CGG ACA GCG CAG GGC AGC GGC GGG GGC GCG GG #C CGG GGC CAC GGG CGC      912 Arg Thr Ala Gln Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Ala Gl #y Arg Gly His Gly Arg              10      #             15      #             20 AGG GGC CGG AGC CGC TGC AGC CGC AAG CCG TT #G CAC GTG GAC TTC AAG      960 Arg Gly Arg Ser Arg Cys Ser Arg Lys Pro Le #u His Val Asp Phe Lys          25          #         30          #         35 GAG CTC GGC TGG GAC GAC TGG ATC ATC GCG CC #G CTG GAC TAC GAG GCG     1008 Glu Leu Gly Trp Asp Asp Trp Ile Ile Ala Pr #o Leu Asp Tyr Glu Ala      40              #     45              #     50 TAC CAC TGC GAG GGC CTT TGC GAC TTC CCT TT #G CGT TCG CAC CTC GAG     1056 Tyr His Cys Glu Gly Leu Cys Asp Phe Pro Le #u Arg Ser His Leu Glu  55                  # 60                  # 65                  # 70 CCC ACC AAC CAT GCC ATC ATT CAG ACG CTG CT #C AAC TCC ATG GCA CCA     1104 Pro Thr Asn His Ala Ile Ile Gln Thr Leu Le #u Asn Ser Met Ala Pro                  75  #                 80  #                 85 GAC GCG GCG CCG GCC TCC TGC TGT GTG CCA GC #G CGC CTC AGC CCC ATC     1152 Asp Ala Ala Pro Ala Ser Cys Cys Val Pro Al #a Arg Leu Ser Pro Ile              90      #             95      #            100 AGC ATC CTC TAC ATC GAC GCC GCC AAC AAC GT #T GTC TAC AAG CAA TAC     1200 Ser Ile Leu Tyr Ile Asp Ala Ala Asn Asn Va #l Val Tyr Lys Gln Tyr         105           #       110           #       115 GAG GAC ATG GTG GTG GAG GCC TGC GGC TGC AG #G                   #       1233 Glu Asp Met Val Val Glu Ala Cys Gly Cys Ar #g     120               #   125 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 28:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 411 amino  #acids           (B) TYPE: amino acid           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #28: Met Val Ala Gly Thr Arg Cys Leu Leu Ala Le #u Leu Leu Pro Gln Val -282     -280            #      -275            #      -270 Leu Leu Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Leu Val Pro Gl #u Leu Gly Arg Arg Lys     -265              #    -260              #    -255 Phe Ala Ala Ala Ser Ser Gly Arg Pro Ser Se #r Gln Pro Ser Asp Glu -250                  #-245                  #-240                  #-235 Val Leu Ser Glu Phe Glu Leu Arg Leu Leu Se #r Met Phe Gly Leu Lys                 -230  #                -225  #                -220 Gln Arg Pro Thr Pro Ser Arg Asp Ala Val Va #l Pro Pro Tyr Met Leu             -215      #            -210      #            -205 Asp Leu Tyr Arg Arg His Ser Gly Gln Pro Gl #y Ser Pro Ala Pro Asp         -200          #        -195          #        -190 His Arg Leu Glu Arg Ala Ala Ser Arg Ala As #n Thr Val Arg Ser Phe     -185              #    -180              #    -175 His His Glu Glu Ser Leu Glu Glu Leu Pro Gl #u Thr Ser Gly Lys Thr -170                  #-165                  #-160                  #-155 Thr Arg Arg Phe Phe Phe Asn Leu Ser Ser Il #e Pro Thr Glu Glu Phe                 -150  #                -145  #                -140 Ile Thr Ser Ala Glu Leu Gln Val Phe Arg Gl #u Gln Met Gln Asp Ala             -135      #            -130      #            -125 Leu Gly Asn Asn Ser Ser Phe His His Arg Il #e Asn Ile Tyr Glu Ile         -120          #        -115          #        -110 Ile Lys Pro Ala Thr Ala Asn Ser Lys Phe Pr #o Val Thr Arg Leu Leu     -105              #    -100              #    -95 Asp Thr Arg Leu Val Asn Gln Asn Ala Ser Ar #g Trp Glu Ser Phe Asp -90                 - #85                 - #80                 - #75 Val Thr Pro Ala Val Met Arg Trp Thr Ala Gl #n Gly His Ala Asn His                 -70   #               -65   #               -60 Gly Phe Val Val Glu Val Ala His Leu Glu Gl #u Lys Gln Gly Val Ser             -55       #           -50       #           -45 Lys Arg His Val Arg Ile Ser Arg Ser Leu Hi #s Gln Asp Glu His Ser         -40           #       -35           #       -30 Trp Ser Gln Ile Arg Pro Leu Leu Val Thr Ph #e Gly His Asp Gly Lys     -25               #   -20               #   -15 Gly His Pro Leu His Lys Arg Glu Lys Arg Th #r Ala Leu Ala Gly Thr -10                   #-5                   # 1               5 Arg Thr Ala Gln Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Ala Gl #y Arg Gly His Gly Arg              10      #             15      #             20 Arg Gly Arg Ser Arg Cys Ser Arg Lys Pro Le #u His Val Asp Phe Lys          25          #         30          #         35 Glu Leu Gly Trp Asp Asp Trp Ile Ile Ala Pr #o Leu Asp Tyr Glu Ala      40              #     45              #     50 Tyr His Cys Glu Gly Leu Cys Asp Phe Pro Le #u Arg Ser His Leu Glu  55                  # 60                  # 65                  # 70 Pro Thr Asn His Ala Ile Ile Gln Thr Leu Le #u Asn Ser Met Ala Pro                  75  #                 80  #                 85 Asp Ala Ala Pro Ala Ser Cys Cys Val Pro Al #a Arg Leu Ser Pro Ile              90      #             95      #            100 Ser Ile Leu Tyr Ile Asp Ala Ala Asn Asn Va #l Val Tyr Lys Gln Tyr         105           #       110           #       115 Glu Asp Met Val Val Glu Ala Cys Gly Cys Ar #g     120               #   125 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 29:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 1203 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: murine MV1     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: CDS           (B) LOCATION: 2..721     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #29: A AAG TTC TGC CTG GTG CTG GNG NCG GTG ACG  #GCC TCG GAG AGC AGN         46   Lys Phe Cys Leu Val Leu Xaa Xaa Val T #hr Ala Ser Glu Ser Xaa     1               # 5                  # 10                  # 15 CNG CTG GCC CTG AGA CGA CTG GGC TTC GGC TG #N CCG GGC GGT GGC GAC       94 Xaa Leu Ala Leu Arg Arg Leu Gly Phe Gly Xa #a Pro Gly Gly Gly Asp                  20  #                 25  #                 30 GGC GGC GGC ACT GCG GNC GAG GAG CGC GCG CT #G TTG GTG ATC TCC TCC      142 Gly Gly Gly Thr Ala Xaa Glu Glu Arg Ala Le #u Leu Val Ile Ser Ser              35      #             40      #             45 CGT ACG CAA AGG AAA GAG AGT CTG TTC CGG GA #G ATC CGA GCC CAG GCC      190 Arg Thr Gln Arg Lys Glu Ser Leu Phe Arg Gl #u Ile Arg Ala Gln Ala          50          #         55          #         60 CGT GCT CTC CGG GCC GCT GCA GAG CCG CCA CC #G GAT CCA GGA CCA GGC      238 Arg Ala Leu Arg Ala Ala Ala Glu Pro Pro Pr #o Asp Pro Gly Pro Gly      65              #     70              #     75 GCT GGG TCA CGC AAA GCC AAC CTG GGC GGT CG #C AGG CGG CAG CGG ACT      286 Ala Gly Ser Arg Lys Ala Asn Leu Gly Gly Ar #g Arg Arg Gln Arg Thr  80                  # 85                  # 90                  # 95 GCG CTG GCT GGG ACT CGG GGA GNG NAG GGA AG #C GGT GGT GGC GGC GGT      334 Ala Leu Ala Gly Thr Arg Gly Xaa Xaa Gly Se #r Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly                 100   #               105   #               110 GGC GGT GGC GGC GGC GGC GGC GGC GGC GGC GG #C GGC GGC GGC GGC GCA      382 Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gl #y Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala             115       #           120       #           125 GGC AGG GGC CAC GGG CGC AGA GGC CGG AGC CG #C TGC GGT CGC AAG TCA      430 Gly Arg Gly His Gly Arg Arg Gly Arg Ser Ar #g Cys Gly Arg Lys Ser         130           #       135           #       140 CTG CAC GTG GAC TTT AAG GAG CTG GGC TGG GA #C GAC TGG ATC ATC GCG      478 Leu His Val Asp Phe Lys Glu Leu Gly Trp As #p Asp Trp Ile Ile Ala     145               #   150               #   155 CCA TTA GAC TAC GAG GCA TAC CAC TGC GAG GG #C GTT TGC GAC TTT CCT      526 Pro Leu Asp Tyr Glu Ala Tyr His Cys Glu Gl #y Val Cys Asp Phe Pro 160                 1 #65                 1 #70                 1 #75 CTG CGC TCG CAC CTG GAG CCT ACC AAC CAC GC #C ATC ATT CAG ACG CTG      574 Leu Arg Ser His Leu Glu Pro Thr Asn His Al #a Ile Ile Gln Thr Leu                 180   #               185   #               190 CTC AAC TCC ATG GCG CCC GAC GCT GCG CCA GC #C TCC TGC TGC GTG CCC      622 Leu Asn Ser Met Ala Pro Asp Ala Ala Pro Al #a Ser Cys Cys Val Pro             195       #           200       #           205 GCA AGG CTC AGT CCC ATC AGC ATT CTC TAC AT #C GAT GCC GCC AAC AAC      670 Ala Arg Leu Ser Pro Ile Ser Ile Leu Tyr Il #e Asp Ala Ala Asn Asn         210           #       215           #       220 GTG GTC TAC AAG CAG TAC GAA GAC ATG GTG GT #G GAG GCC TGC GGC TGC      718 Val Val Tyr Lys Gln Tyr Glu Asp Met Val Va #l Glu Ala Cys Gly Cys     225               #   230               #   235 AGG TAGCATGCGG TCTGGGGAGG GTCTGGCCGC CCAGGACCCT AGCTCAAGA #G           771 Arg 240 CAGGTGTCAT CAGGCCCGAG GGACGGCGGA CTATGGCCTC TGCCAGCACA GA #GGAGAGCA    831 CACAGTTAAC ACTCACATTT ACACACTCCT TCACTCACGC ACATGTTTAC CG #TGGACGGC    891 AGGCGCTAAA AGCCTTGCTT ATTTGCTACC ATTGATACAA ACCTCTGTCC TT #TTCGGGAG    951 AGGGAAGGGC ATCTGTGTTT ATGTTGCAGT AATTGGCACT AAATCCAAGT AG #AAATGGGT   1011 TAGCATTGGA TTCTCCTTTT AGTTGGAGGC GGTGTGGCTG GATTCCTGAC GT #TGGATATG   1071 GAGTGCACTG CAGGGCTGGG ATACCCAGAT TCTCTGGAGT GGGCATTGGG AA #CCTTCAAA   1131 AGTAAGGAGC CACTGGGGCT TGGGAGGGAG CACCCGGTTC CTAAACAAGT CT #GATGTGTA   1191 CTGCTCAGTT TG               #                   #                   #     1203 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 30:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 240 amino  #acids           (B) TYPE: amino acid           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #30: Lys Phe Cys Leu Val Leu Xaa Xaa Val Thr Al #a Ser Glu Ser Xaa Xaa   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Leu Ala Leu Arg Arg Leu Gly Phe Gly Xaa Pr #o Gly Gly Gly Asp Gly              20      #             25      #             30 Gly Gly Thr Ala Xaa Glu Glu Arg Ala Leu Le #u Val Ile Ser Ser Arg          35          #         40          #         45 Thr Gln Arg Lys Glu Ser Leu Phe Arg Glu Il #e Arg Ala Gln Ala Arg      50              #     55              #     60 Ala Leu Arg Ala Ala Ala Glu Pro Pro Pro As #p Pro Gly Pro Gly Ala  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Gly Ser Arg Lys Ala Asn Leu Gly Gly Arg Ar #g Arg Gln Arg Thr Ala                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Leu Ala Gly Thr Arg Gly Xaa Xaa Gly Ser Gl #y Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly             100       #           105       #           110 Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gl #y Gly Gly Gly Ala Gly         115           #       120           #       125 Arg Gly His Gly Arg Arg Gly Arg Ser Arg Cy #s Gly Arg Lys Ser Leu     130               #   135               #   140 His Val Asp Phe Lys Glu Leu Gly Trp Asp As #p Trp Ile Ile Ala Pro 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Leu Asp Tyr Glu Ala Tyr His Cys Glu Gly Va #l Cys Asp Phe Pro Leu                 165   #               170   #               175 Arg Ser His Leu Glu Pro Thr Asn His Ala Il #e Ile Gln Thr Leu Leu             180       #           185       #           190 Asn Ser Met Ala Pro Asp Ala Ala Pro Ala Se #r Cys Cys Val Pro Ala         195           #       200           #       205 Arg Leu Ser Pro Ile Ser Ile Leu Tyr Ile As #p Ala Ala Asn Asn Val     210               #   215               #   220 Val Tyr Lys Gln Tyr Glu Asp Met Val Val Gl #u Ala Cys Gly Cys Arg 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 31:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 1046 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: MURINE MV2     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: CDS           (B) LOCATION: 2..790     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #31: A AGA AAA CAA GCT TGC ATT CCT GCA GGT CCG  #ACT CTA AGA GGA TCC         46   Arg Lys Gln Ala Cys Ile Pro Ala Gly P #ro Thr Leu Arg Gly Ser     1               # 5                  # 10                  # 15 TCA GGG ACC CAA CCC AGG CCG GCT GGG AAG TC #T TTC GAC GTG TGG CAG       94 Ser Gly Thr Gln Pro Arg Pro Ala Gly Lys Se #r Phe Asp Val Trp Gln                  20  #                 25  #                 30 GGC CTG CGC CCT CAG CCT TGG AAG CAG CTG TG #C CTG GAG TTG CGG GCA      142 Gly Leu Arg Pro Gln Pro Trp Lys Gln Leu Cy #s Leu Glu Leu Arg Ala              35      #             40      #             45 GCC TGG GGT GAG CTG GAC RCC GGG GAT ACG GG #G GCG CGC GCG AGG GGT      190 Ala Trp Gly Glu Leu Asp Xaa Gly Asp Thr Gl #y Ala Arg Ala Arg Gly          50          #         55          #         60 CCC CAG CAG CCA CCG CCT CTG GAC CTG CGG AG #T CTG GGC TTC GGT CGG      238 Pro Gln Gln Pro Pro Pro Leu Asp Leu Arg Se #r Leu Gly Phe Gly Arg      65              #     70              #     75 AGG GTG AGA CCG CCC CAG GAG CGC GCC CTG CT #T GTA GTG TTC ACC AGA      286 Arg Val Arg Pro Pro Gln Glu Arg Ala Leu Le #u Val Val Phe Thr Arg  80                  # 85                  # 90                  # 95 TCG CAG CGC AAG AAC CTG TTC ACT GAG ATG CA #T GAG CAG CTG GGC TCT      334 Ser Gln Arg Lys Asn Leu Phe Thr Glu Met Hi #s Glu Gln Leu Gly Ser                 100   #               105   #               110 GCA GAG GCT GCG GGA GCC GAG GGG TCA TGT CC #A GCG CCG TCG GGC TCC      382 Ala Glu Ala Ala Gly Ala Glu Gly Ser Cys Pr #o Ala Pro Ser Gly Ser             115       #           120       #           125 CCA GAC ACC GGG TCT TGG CTG CCC TCG CCC GG #C CGC CGG CGG CGA CGC      430 Pro Asp Thr Gly Ser Trp Leu Pro Ser Pro Gl #y Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg         130           #       135           #       140 ACC GCC TTC GCC AGC CGT CAC GGC AAG CGA CA #T GGC AAG AAG TCC AGG      478 Thr Ala Phe Ala Ser Arg His Gly Lys Arg Hi #s Gly Lys Lys Ser Arg     145               #   150               #   155 CTG CGC TGC AGC AGA AAG CCT CTG CAC GTG AA #T TTT AAG GAG TTA GGC      526 Leu Arg Cys Ser Arg Lys Pro Leu His Val As #n Phe Lys Glu Leu Gly 160                 1 #65                 1 #70                 1 #75 TGG GAC GAC TGG ATT ATC GCG CCC CTA GAG TA #C GAG GCC TAT CAC TGC      574 Trp Asp Asp Trp Ile Ile Ala Pro Leu Glu Ty #r Glu Ala Tyr His Cys                 180   #               185   #               190 GAG GGC GTG TGC GAC TTT CCG CTG CGC TCG CA #C CTT GAG CCC ACT AAC      622 Glu Gly Val Cys Asp Phe Pro Leu Arg Ser Hi #s Leu Glu Pro Thr Asn             195       #           200       #           205 CAT GCC ATC ATT CAG ACG CTG ATG AAC TCC AT #G GAC CCG GGC TCC ACC      670 His Ala Ile Ile Gln Thr Leu Met Asn Ser Me #t Asp Pro Gly Ser Thr         210           #       215           #       220 CCG CCT AGC TGC TGC GTT CCC ACC AAA CTG AC #T CCC ATT AGC ATC CTG      718 Pro Pro Ser Cys Cys Val Pro Thr Lys Leu Th #r Pro Ile Ser Ile Leu     225               #   230               #   235 TAC ATC GAC GCG GGC AAT AAT GTN GTC TAC AA #G CAG TAT GAG GAC ATG      766 Tyr Ile Asp Ala Gly Asn Asn Xaa Val Tyr Ly #s Gln Tyr Glu Asp Met 240                 2 #45                 2 #50                 2 #55 GTG GTG GAG TCC TGC GGC TGT AGG TAGCGGTGCT GT #CCCGCCAC CTGGGCCAGG     820 Val Val Glu Ser Cys Gly Cys Arg                 260 GACCATGGAG GGAGGCCTGA CTGCCGAGAA AGGAGCAGGA GCTGGCCTTG GA #AGAGGCCA    880 CAGGTGGGGG ACAGCCTGAA AGTAGGAGCA CAGTAAGAAG CAGCCCAGCC TT #CCCAGAAC    940 CTTCCAATCC CCCAACCCAG AAGCAGCTAA GGGGTTTCAC AACTTTTGGC CT #TGCCAGCC   1000 TGGAAAGACT AGACAAGAGG GATTCTTCTC TTTTTATTAT GGCTTG    #               1046 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 32:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 263 amino  #acids           (B) TYPE: amino acid           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #32: Arg Lys Gln Ala Cys Ile Pro Ala Gly Pro Th #r Leu Arg Gly Ser Ser   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Gly Thr Gln Pro Arg Pro Ala Gly Lys Ser Ph #e Asp Val Trp Gln Gly              20      #             25      #             30 Leu Arg Pro Gln Pro Trp Lys Gln Leu Cys Le #u Glu Leu Arg Ala Ala          35          #         40          #         45 Trp Gly Glu Leu Asp Xaa Gly Asp Thr Gly Al #a Arg Ala Arg Gly Pro      50              #     55              #     60 Gln Gln Pro Pro Pro Leu Asp Leu Arg Ser Le #u Gly Phe Gly Arg Arg  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Val Arg Pro Pro Gln Glu Arg Ala Leu Leu Va #l Val Phe Thr Arg Ser                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Gln Arg Lys Asn Leu Phe Thr Glu Met His Gl #u Gln Leu Gly Ser Ala             100       #           105       #           110 Glu Ala Ala Gly Ala Glu Gly Ser Cys Pro Al #a Pro Ser Gly Ser Pro         115           #       120           #       125 Asp Thr Gly Ser Trp Leu Pro Ser Pro Gly Ar #g Arg Arg Arg Arg Thr     130               #   135               #   140 Ala Phe Ala Ser Arg His Gly Lys Arg His Gl #y Lys Lys Ser Arg Leu 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Arg Cys Ser Arg Lys Pro Leu His Val Asn Ph #e Lys Glu Leu Gly Trp                 165   #               170   #               175 Asp Asp Trp Ile Ile Ala Pro Leu Glu Tyr Gl #u Ala Tyr His Cys Glu             180       #           185       #           190 Gly Val Cys Asp Phe Pro Leu Arg Ser His Le #u Glu Pro Thr Asn His         195           #       200           #       205 Ala Ile Ile Gln Thr Leu Met Asn Ser Met As #p Pro Gly Ser Thr Pro     210               #   215               #   220 Pro Ser Cys Cys Val Pro Thr Lys Leu Thr Pr #o Ile Ser Ile Leu Tyr 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Ile Asp Ala Gly Asn Asn Xaa Val Tyr Lys Gl #n Tyr Glu Asp Met Val                 245   #               250   #               255 Val Glu Ser Cys Gly Cys Arg             260 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 33:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 1345 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO    (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:           (B) CLONE: HUMAN V1-1     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: CDS           (B) LOCATION: 138..1301     (ix) FEATURE:           (A) NAME/KEY: mat_ #peptide           (B) LOCATION: 990..1301     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #33: AACTATAGCA CCTGCAGTCC CTGGTCTTGG GTGTAGGGGT GCGCTCCTGG TC #CCGCGGCT     60 CAGGGATATG CAGTGACCAA TGGGTTGTTG GCCTGATGGG ACTTTTGGCT TG #CTAAACCA    120 AAGCTCGGTT CGGATAG CCC GGG CGA AGA CGT CCG CTG  #CTC TGG GCC AGG       170                    # Pro Gly Arg Arg Arg Pro Leu Leu Trp Ala  #Arg                    # -284            -280    #             -275 CTG GCA GCG TTC AGG CTG GGG CAG AGA CGC GG #A GTC GGG CGC TGG CTC      218 Leu Ala Ala Phe Arg Leu Gly Gln Arg Arg Gl #y Val Gly Arg Trp Leu             -270      #           -265       #          -260 CAA CAG GCC TGG CTC CCA CAT CGA AGA CAG CT #G GGC CAT TTG CTG TTA      266 Gln Gln Ala Trp Leu Pro His Arg Arg Gln Le #u Gly His Leu Leu Leu         -255          #       -250           #      -245 GGA GGC CCC GCG CTG ACA GTG TGC AGG ATT TG #C TCT TAC ACA GCT CTT      314 Gly Gly Pro Ala Leu Thr Val Cys Arg Ile Cy #s Ser Tyr Thr Ala Leu     -240              #   -235               #  -230 TCT CTC TGT CCC TGC CGG TCC CCC GCA GAC GA #A TCG GCA GCC GAA ACA      362 Ser Leu Cys Pro Cys Arg Ser Pro Ala Asp Gl #u Ser Ala Ala Glu Thr -225                -220 #                -215  #               -210 GGC CAG AGC TTC CTG TTC GAC GTG TCC AGC CT #T AAC GAC GCA GAC GAG      410 Gly Gln Ser Phe Leu Phe Asp Val Ser Ser Le #u Asn Asp Ala Asp Glu                 -205  #               -200   #              -195 GTG GTG GGT GCC GAG CTG CGC GTG CTG CGC CG #G GGA TCT CCA GAG TCG      458 Val Val Gly Ala Glu Leu Arg Val Leu Arg Ar #g Gly Ser Pro Glu Ser             -190      #           -185       #          -180 GGC CCA GGC AGC TGG ACT TCT CCG CCG TTG CT #G CTG CTG TCC ACG TGC      506 Gly Pro Gly Ser Trp Thr Ser Pro Pro Leu Le #u Leu Leu Ser Thr Cys         -175          #       -170           #      -165 CCG GGC GCC GCC CGA GCG CCA CGC CTG CTG TA #C TCG CGG GCA GCT GAG      554 Pro Gly Ala Ala Arg Ala Pro Arg Leu Leu Ty #r Ser Arg Ala Ala Glu     -160              #   -155               #  -150 CCC CTA GTC GGT CAG CGC TGG GAG GCG TTC GA #C GTG GCG GAC GCC ATG      602 Pro Leu Val Gly Gln Arg Trp Glu Ala Phe As #p Val Ala Asp Ala Met -145                -140 #                -135  #               -130 AGG CGC CAC CGT CGT GAA CCG CGC CCC CCC CG #C GCG TTC TGC CTC TTG      650 Arg Arg His Arg Arg Glu Pro Arg Pro Pro Ar #g Ala Phe Cys Leu Leu                 -125  #               -120   #              -115 CTG CGC GCA GTG GCA GGC CCG GTG CCG AGC CC #G TTG GCA CTG CGG CGA      698 Leu Arg Ala Val Ala Gly Pro Val Pro Ser Pr #o Leu Ala Leu Arg Arg             -110      #           -105       #          -100 CTG GGC TTC GGC TGG CCG GGC GGA GGG GGC TC #T GCG GCA GAG GAG CGC      746 Leu Gly Phe Gly Trp Pro Gly Gly Gly Gly Se #r Ala Ala Glu Glu Arg         -95           #       -90           #       -85 GCG GTG CTA GTC GTC TCC TCC CGC ACG CAG AG #G AAA GAG AGC TTA TTC      794 Ala Val Leu Val Val Ser Ser Arg Thr Gln Ar #g Lys Glu Ser Leu Phe     -80               #   -75               #   -70 CGG GAG ATC CGC GCC CAG GCC CGC GCG CTC GG #G GCC GCT CTG GCC TCA      842 Arg Glu Ile Arg Ala Gln Ala Arg Ala Leu Gl #y Ala Ala Leu Ala Ser -65                 - #60                 - #55                 - #50 GAG CCG CTG CCC GAC CCA GGA ACC GGC ACC GC #G TCG CCA AGG GCA GTC      890 Glu Pro Leu Pro Asp Pro Gly Thr Gly Thr Al #a Ser Pro Arg Ala Val                 -45   #               -40   #               -35 ATT GGC GGC CGC AGA CGG AGG AGG ACG GCG TT #G GCC GGG ACG CGG ACA      938 Ile Gly Gly Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Thr Ala Le #u Ala Gly Thr Arg Thr             -30       #           -25       #           -20 GCG CAG GGC AGC GGC GGG GGC GCG GGC CGG GG #C CAC GGG CGC AGG GGC      986 Ala Gln Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Ala Gly Arg Gl #y His Gly Arg Arg Gly         -15           #       -10           #        -5 CGG AGC CGC TGC AGC CGC AAG CCG TTG CAC GT #G GAC TTC AAG GAG CTC     1034 Arg Ser Arg Cys Ser Arg Lys Pro Leu His Va #l Asp Phe Lys Glu Leu       1             #   5                #   10                #   15 GGC TGG GAC GAC TGG ATC ATC GCG CCG CTG GA #C TAC GAG GCG TAC CAC     1082 Gly Trp Asp Asp Trp Ile Ile Ala Pro Leu As #p Tyr Glu Ala Tyr His                  20  #                 25  #                 30 TGC GAG GGC CTT TGC GAC TTC CCT TTG CGT TC #G CAC CTC GAG CCC ACC     1130 Cys Glu Gly Leu Cys Asp Phe Pro Leu Arg Se #r His Leu Glu Pro Thr              35      #             40      #             45 AAC CAT GCC ATC ATT CAG ACG CTG CTC AAC TC #C ATG GCA CCA GAC GCG     1178 Asn His Ala Ile Ile Gln Thr Leu Leu Asn Se #r Met Ala Pro Asp Ala          50          #         55          #         60 GCG CCG GCC TCC TGC TGT GTG CCA GCG CGC CT #C AGC CCC ATC AGC ATC     1226 Ala Pro Ala Ser Cys Cys Val Pro Ala Arg Le #u Ser Pro Ile Ser Ile      65              #     70              #     75 CTC TAC ATC GAC GCC GCC AAC AAC GTT GTC TA #C AAG CAA TAC GAG GAC     1274 Leu Tyr Ile Asp Ala Ala Asn Asn Val Val Ty #r Lys Gln Tyr Glu Asp  80                  # 85                  # 90                  # 95 ATG GTG GTG GAG GCC TGC GGC TGC AGG TAGCGCGCG #G GCCGGGGAGG           1321 Met Val Val Glu Ala Cys Gly Cys Arg                 100 GGGCAGCCAC GCGGCCGAGG ATCC           #                   #              1345 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 34:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 388 amino  #acids           (B) TYPE: amino acid           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #34: Pro Gly Arg Arg Arg Pro Leu Leu Trp Ala Ar #g Leu Ala Ala Phe Arg -284             -280    #              -275    #              -270 Leu Gly Gln Arg Arg Gly Val Gly Arg Trp Le #u Gln Gln Ala Trp Leu             -265      #            -260      #            -255 Pro His Arg Arg Gln Leu Gly His Leu Leu Le #u Gly Gly Pro Ala Leu         -250          #        -245          #        -240 Thr Val Cys Arg Ile Cys Ser Tyr Thr Ala Le #u Ser Leu Cys Pro Cys     -235              #    -230              #    -225 Arg Ser Pro Ala Asp Glu Ser Ala Ala Glu Th #r Gly Gln Ser Phe Leu -220                  #-215                  #-210                  #-205 Phe Asp Val Ser Ser Leu Asn Asp Ala Asp Gl #u Val Val Gly Ala Glu                 -200  #                -195  #                -190 Leu Arg Val Leu Arg Arg Gly Ser Pro Glu Se #r Gly Pro Gly Ser Trp             -185      #            -180      #            -175 Thr Ser Pro Pro Leu Leu Leu Leu Ser Thr Cy #s Pro Gly Ala Ala Arg         -170          #        -165          #        -160 Ala Pro Arg Leu Leu Tyr Ser Arg Ala Ala Gl #u Pro Leu Val Gly Gln     -155              #    -150              #    -145 Arg Trp Glu Ala Phe Asp Val Ala Asp Ala Me #t Arg Arg His Arg Arg -140                  #-135                  #-130                  #-125 Glu Pro Arg Pro Pro Arg Ala Phe Cys Leu Le #u Leu Arg Ala Val Ala                 -120  #                -115  #                -110 Gly Pro Val Pro Ser Pro Leu Ala Leu Arg Ar #g Leu Gly Phe Gly Trp             -105      #            -100      #            -95 Pro Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Ala Ala Glu Glu Ar #g Ala Val Leu Val Val         -90           #       -85           #       -80 Ser Ser Arg Thr Gln Arg Lys Glu Ser Leu Ph #e Arg Glu Ile Arg Ala     -75               #   -70               #   -65 Gln Ala Arg Ala Leu Gly Ala Ala Leu Ala Se #r Glu Pro Leu Pro Asp -60                 - #55                 - #50                 - #45 Pro Gly Thr Gly Thr Ala Ser Pro Arg Ala Va #l Ile Gly Gly Arg Arg                 -40   #               -35   #               -30 Arg Arg Arg Thr Ala Leu Ala Gly Thr Arg Th #r Ala Gln Gly Ser Gly             -25       #           -20       #           -15 Gly Gly Ala Gly Arg Gly His Gly Arg Arg Gl #y Arg Ser Arg Cys Ser         -10           #        -5           #         1 Arg Lys Pro Leu His Val Asp Phe Lys Glu Le #u Gly Trp Asp Asp Trp   5                 #  10                 #  15                 #  20 Ile Ile Ala Pro Leu Asp Tyr Glu Ala Tyr Hi #s Cys Glu Gly Leu Cys                  25  #                 30  #                 35 Asp Phe Pro Leu Arg Ser His Leu Glu Pro Th #r Asn His Ala Ile Ile              40      #             45      #             50 Gln Thr Leu Leu Asn Ser Met Ala Pro Asp Al #a Ala Pro Ala Ser Cys          55          #         60          #         65 Cys Val Pro Ala Arg Leu Ser Pro Ile Ser Il #e Leu Tyr Ile Asp Ala      70              #     75              #     80 Ala Asn Asn Val Val Tyr Lys Gln Tyr Glu As #p Met Val Val Glu Ala  85                  # 90                  # 95                  #100 Cys Gly Cys Arg (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 35:      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:           (A) LENGTH: 17 base  #pairs           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:           (C) INDIVIDUAL ISOLATE:  #primer number 8     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:  #35: TGTATGCGAC TTCCCGC              #                   #                   #   17 

What is claimed is:
 1. A purified Bone Morphogenetic Protein-12 related protein characterized by the ability to induce the formation of tendon/ligament-like tissue, wherein the protein is chosen from BMP-12, BMP-13, and MP52.
 2. A pharmaceutical composition for tendon/ligament-like tissue healing and tissue repair, said composition comprising an effective amount of a Bone Morphogenetic Protein-12 related protein in a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, wherein the protein is chosen from SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, and SEQ ID NO:26.
 3. A pharmaceutical composition for tendon/ligament-like tissue repair, said composition comprising an effective amount of a Bone Morphogenetic Protein-12 related protein in a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, wherein the protein is chosen from BMP-12, BMP-13, and MP52.
 4. A purified Bone Morphogenetic Protein-12 related protein characterized by the ability to induce the formation of tendon/ligament-like tissue, wherein the protein is chosen from SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, and SEQ ID NO:26. 